Understanding Secrecy, Upholding the Public Interest: National Security Whistleblowing, Civil Society and Support Networks

当AHRC的研究项目开始调查美国国家安全告密的悠久历史时（AH/P00461 X/1），爱德华·斯诺登的命运，谁透露了无休止的监视计划，是不确定的。它预计他不会是最后一个告密者。三年后，斯诺登的处境仍然岌岌可危，而其他几名举报人也出现了，并因泄露国防信息而受到指控。欧洲的举报人虽然较少成为头条新闻，但也进行了披露并面临起诉。世纪标志着世界各地国家安全举报的新时代，但我们对这一现象的理解并没有跟上这些发展的步伐。为个人提供必要保护的举报倡导组织也是如此。后续资金的影响和参与，希望使学术和宣传团体进入持续的对话，以更好地了解过去，现在和国家安全告密的未来。这些活动探讨了历史方法如何为今天提供举报人支持和保护的第三部门团体的工作提供信息、帮助和加强。在分享研究成果和最佳经验方面，该项目解决了明确的需求，以扩大知识基础，加强与学术界的联系，并增加在不同国家管辖范围内工作的组织之间的合作。从实际意义上讲，历史的视角可以帮助倡导者努力为法律的案件提供信息，塑造立法，提出改革建议，并理解当今头条新闻背后的故事。关于美国国家安全举报的原始研究揭示了一个广阔而多样的倡导世界。此外，它还延伸到美国以外。拟议的活动建立在不可预见的影响机会的基础上，以吸引英国和欧洲更广泛的举报倡导社区。该提案寻求跨越国界分享专门知识和技能。围绕举报和国家安全的辩论往往集中在个别国家及其各自的法律的框架上，但有必要解决跨越国家和区域鸿沟的主题。美国的倡导者面临的问题与英国和欧洲的同行面临的问题类似。该项目旨在使这些声音相互对话，并与研究该主题的学者进行对话。这是一个加强学术宣传合作的特别有利的时机。国家起诉正在增加。保护举报人是一个活生生的政治、法律的和社会问题，美国的立法机构，英国和欧洲正在讨论现有政策和机制的充分性。倡导者近年来取得了进展，但继续面对强大的保密机构和庞大的国家安全国家。历史的视角对于理解现在至关重要，但也有助于探索未来的保护战略，这些战略超越了法律的正义问题，包括个人对权力说真话背后的公民和社会因素。

When the AHRC research project began to investigate the long history of U.S. national security whistleblowing (AH/P00461X/1), the fate of Edward Snowden, who had revealed warrantless surveillance programmes, was uncertain. It anticipated he would not be the last whistleblower. Three years later Snowden's situation remains precarious while several other whistleblowers have emerged and been charged for disclosing national defense information. European whistleblowers, while generating fewer headlines, have also made disclosures and face prosecution. The twenty-first century has marked a new era of national security whistleblowing around the world, but our understanding of the phenomenon has not kept pace with these developments.This is also true for the whistleblowing advocacy organisations that provide the essential protection for individuals crossing the secrecy Rubicon to make disclosures in the public interest. The Follow-on Funding for Impact and Engagement looks to bring academic and advocacy groups into sustained dialogue to better understand the past, present, and future of national security whistleblowing. The activities explore how historical approaches can inform, assist, and enhance the work of third sector groups providing whistleblower support and protection today. In sharing research findings and best practises, this project addresses well-defined needs to expand the knowledge base, strengthen links with scholarship, and increase collaboration between organisations working in different national jurisdictions. In a practical sense, a historical perspective can assist advocates in their efforts to inform legal cases, shape legislation, propose reforms, and comprehend the stories behind today's unfolding headlines.The original research on U.S. national security whistleblowing uncovered a vast, diverse advocacy world. Furthermore, it extended beyond the United States. The proposed activities build on unforeseen impact opportunities to engage this wider whistleblowing advocacy community in the UK and Europe. The proposal seeks to share expertise and skills across national borders. Debates around whistleblowing and national security frequently concentrate on individual states and their respective legal frameworks, but there is a need to address themes that cut across national and regional divides. The questions facing advocates in the United States are similar to those facing counterparts in the UK and Europe. This project aims to bring those voices into conversation with one another and with scholars working on the subject. This is a particularly opportune moment for closer academic-advocacy collaboration. State prosecutions are on the rise. Whistleblower protection is a live political, legal, and social issue, with legislative bodies in the U.S., UK and Europe debating the adequacy of existing policies and mechanisms. Advocates have made progress in recent years but continue to confront powerful secrecy establishments and expansive national security states. A historical perspective is essential to understanding the present, but also exploring future protection strategies that go beyond legal justice matters to include the civic and social factors behind individuals speaking truth to power.