Into the Forest: Woods, Trees and Forests in the Germanic-Speaking Cultures of Northern Europe, c. 46 BC - c. 1500.

走进森林：北欧日耳曼语文化中的树林、树木和森林，c。

基本信息

批准号：
AH/T006943/1
负责人：
Eleanor Rosamund Barraclough
金额：
$ 28.33万
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FT006943%2F1
关键词：
Into Forest Woods Trees Forests

项目摘要

Ecologically, culturally and economically vital, forests are both a fundamental part of our natural history and deeply rooted in our human history. These are spaces where the biology of our planet meets the structures of our societies, our bodies and our minds, constructed as much by storytellers and legal authorities as they are by ecologists, foresters and the planet itself. The roots of these cultural and historical associations are deeper and more tangled than we might imagine, particularly in the northern world. This project will be the first in-depth, multidisciplinary study of forests - and by extension trees and woods - in northern Germanic cultures. It focuses on three geographical and cultural areas: a) the Nordic world b) the Germanic-speaking peoples of the British Isles c) north-central Europe known to the Romans as Germania. 'Germanic' refers to the language group that maps onto these geographical areas; it is not in itself an ethnic or cultural signifier. By bringing together the study of three areas across a broad chronological span, I will shed light on a complex network of historical and cultural connections and influences - religious, political, artistic, literary, economic, legal - and their development over time. This project will provide new ways for understanding how historical cultures thought about and engaged with their physical environments, and what this can tell us about how humans think about the world around them and their place within it.The study begins in the 1st century BC with Caesar's commentaries on the Gallic/Civil wars, where we find some of the earliest descriptions of the northern forests of Germania. The vast Hercynian Forest formed the northern boundary of Europe in the Roman geographical imagination. Interpolated passages in the commentaries fill these forests with marvellous creatures (such as unicorns) and barbarian tribes. A century after Caesar, the historian Tacitus wrote of the cataclysmic loss of three legions in the forested badlands of Germania, with accompanying tales of human sacrifices in sacred groves. For classical authors, these impenetrable forests were synonymous with barbarism, an association that was carried over by the 'barbarians' themselves in the early medieval period. With the proliferation of source material for Northern Europe, insiders' perspectives emerge. The intersection between embodied and imaginative engagement with the forest becomes more complex, blurring into spheres including economic use, resource management, law, storytelling and religion. By the end of the medieval period (c. 1500) forests had flourished as a central topos in the literary cultures of Northern Europe, not least in the interconnected romance traditions of the British Isles, Germany and the Nordic world. The chronological endpoint of this investigation brings us up to the dawn of the early modern era, with the seeds planted for many of the significant developments of the following centuries where once again trees and forests play prominent roles (scientific enquiry, nationalism, romanticism).Today, the forest continues to flourish in our collective imagination, from the legacy of the Brothers Grimm to Tolkien's Mirkwood, from Julia Donaldson's Gruffalo to JK Rowling's Forbidden Forest. Yet while the cultural and historical potency of the forest is alive and well, the same cannot be said of the average modern Westerner's relation to it. In demonstrating how deep and tangled these roots go, I seek to expose the tension between lived experience of the forest in earlier periods, and its mediated remnants, actual destruction and unprecedented importance in an era of climate change and deforestation. Through outputs including a book, interdisciplinary workshops, and impact and outreach activities, I aim to stimulate dialogue and synergies not only across the academic disciplines but also with experts from broadcasting, ecology, heritage, education and the creative industries.

在生态，文化和经济上至关重要的是，森林既是我们自然历史的基本组成部分，又深深地植根于我们的人类历史。在这些空间中，我们地球的生物学符合我们社会，我们的身体和思想的结构，这些空间由讲故事的人和法律当局与生态学家，森林人和星球本身一样多。这些文化和历史协会的根源比我们想象的要深入更深，更纠结，尤其是在北部世界。该项目将是北部日耳曼文化的森林以及延伸树木和树林的深入，多学科的研究。它重点关注三个地理和文化领域：a）北欧世界b）不列颠群岛的讲日耳曼人的人民c）罗马人称为日耳曼尼亚的中北部欧洲。 “日耳曼语”是指将这些地理区域映射到这些地理区域的语言群体；它本身并不是种族或文化代表者。通过将三个领域的研究汇总在整个时间顺序的范围内，我将揭示一个复杂的历史和文化联系和影响的网络 - 宗教，政治，艺术，文学，经济，法律，法律，及其随着时间的推移的发展。该项目将为了解历史文化如何思考和与他们的身体环境互动，以及这可以告诉我们人类如何看待他们周围的世界及其在其中的位置。这项研究始于公元前1世纪，凯撒对凯撒（Caesar）的评论开始，我们发现了北部地区最早的北部森林森林森林中最早的陈述。巨大的赫西尼森林在罗马地理的想象中形成了欧洲的北边界。评论中的插值段落充满了奇妙的生物（例如独角兽）和野蛮的部落。凯撒（Caesar）一个世纪后，历史学家塔西us（Tacitus）写道，日耳曼尼亚森林荒地中的三个军团的灾难性损失，并随附了神圣的格罗夫斯（Groves）人类牺牲的故事。对于古典作者而言，这些坚不可摧的森林是野蛮主义的代名词，野蛮人是在中世纪早期被“野蛮人”自己所承担的。随着北欧原始资料的扩散，内部人的观点出现了。与森林的体现与富有想象力的互动之间的交集变得更加复杂，模糊不清，包括经济使用，资源管理，法律，讲故事和宗教。到中世纪（约1500年）的结束时，森林在北欧文学文化中蓬勃发展，尤其是在不列颠群岛，德国和北欧世界的相互联系的浪漫传统中。这项调查的时间顺序终点使我们进入了现代早期的曙光，种子为接下来几个世纪的许多重要发展而种植，树木和森林再次起着重要的作用（科学询问，民族主义，浪漫主义，浪漫主义）。 Gruffalo到JK Rowling的禁区。然而，尽管森林的文化和历史效能是活着的，但对于现代西方人与之关系的平均关系不能说。在证明这些根源的深度和纠结时，我试图在早期的森林经历与其介导的残余，实际破坏和前所未有的重要性之间揭露森林的生活经验之间的紧张关系。通过包括书籍，跨学科研讨会以及影响力和外展活动在内的成果，我旨在激发整个学科的对话和协同作用，而且还与广播，生态，遗产，教育和创意产业的专家有关。