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Into the Forest: Woods, Trees and Forests in the Germanic-Speaking Cultures of Northern Europe, c. 46 BC - c. 1500.

走进森林：北欧日耳曼语文化中的树林、树木和森林，c。

基本信息

批准号：
AH/T006943/1
负责人：
Eleanor Rosamund Barraclough
金额：
$ 28.33万
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FT006943%2F1
关键词：
Into Forest Woods Trees Forests

项目摘要

Ecologically, culturally and economically vital, forests are both a fundamental part of our natural history and deeply rooted in our human history. These are spaces where the biology of our planet meets the structures of our societies, our bodies and our minds, constructed as much by storytellers and legal authorities as they are by ecologists, foresters and the planet itself. The roots of these cultural and historical associations are deeper and more tangled than we might imagine, particularly in the northern world. This project will be the first in-depth, multidisciplinary study of forests - and by extension trees and woods - in northern Germanic cultures. It focuses on three geographical and cultural areas: a) the Nordic world b) the Germanic-speaking peoples of the British Isles c) north-central Europe known to the Romans as Germania. 'Germanic' refers to the language group that maps onto these geographical areas; it is not in itself an ethnic or cultural signifier. By bringing together the study of three areas across a broad chronological span, I will shed light on a complex network of historical and cultural connections and influences - religious, political, artistic, literary, economic, legal - and their development over time. This project will provide new ways for understanding how historical cultures thought about and engaged with their physical environments, and what this can tell us about how humans think about the world around them and their place within it.The study begins in the 1st century BC with Caesar's commentaries on the Gallic/Civil wars, where we find some of the earliest descriptions of the northern forests of Germania. The vast Hercynian Forest formed the northern boundary of Europe in the Roman geographical imagination. Interpolated passages in the commentaries fill these forests with marvellous creatures (such as unicorns) and barbarian tribes. A century after Caesar, the historian Tacitus wrote of the cataclysmic loss of three legions in the forested badlands of Germania, with accompanying tales of human sacrifices in sacred groves. For classical authors, these impenetrable forests were synonymous with barbarism, an association that was carried over by the 'barbarians' themselves in the early medieval period. With the proliferation of source material for Northern Europe, insiders' perspectives emerge. The intersection between embodied and imaginative engagement with the forest becomes more complex, blurring into spheres including economic use, resource management, law, storytelling and religion. By the end of the medieval period (c. 1500) forests had flourished as a central topos in the literary cultures of Northern Europe, not least in the interconnected romance traditions of the British Isles, Germany and the Nordic world. The chronological endpoint of this investigation brings us up to the dawn of the early modern era, with the seeds planted for many of the significant developments of the following centuries where once again trees and forests play prominent roles (scientific enquiry, nationalism, romanticism).Today, the forest continues to flourish in our collective imagination, from the legacy of the Brothers Grimm to Tolkien's Mirkwood, from Julia Donaldson's Gruffalo to JK Rowling's Forbidden Forest. Yet while the cultural and historical potency of the forest is alive and well, the same cannot be said of the average modern Westerner's relation to it. In demonstrating how deep and tangled these roots go, I seek to expose the tension between lived experience of the forest in earlier periods, and its mediated remnants, actual destruction and unprecedented importance in an era of climate change and deforestation. Through outputs including a book, interdisciplinary workshops, and impact and outreach activities, I aim to stimulate dialogue and synergies not only across the academic disciplines but also with experts from broadcasting, ecology, heritage, education and the creative industries.

在生态、文化和经济方面，森林既是我们自然历史的基本组成部分，也深深植根于我们的人类历史。这些空间是我们星球的生物学与我们的社会、我们的身体和我们的大脑的结构相遇的地方，由讲故事的人和法律当局构建，同样由生态学家、林学家和地球本身构建。这些文化和历史联想的根源比我们想象的更深、更复杂，特别是在北方世界。这个项目将是对北部日耳曼文化中的森林--进而是树木和森林--进行的第一次深入的、多学科的研究。它聚焦于三个地理和文化区域：a)北欧世界；b)不列颠群岛讲日耳曼语的民族；c)欧洲中北部，罗马人称之为日耳曼尼亚。日耳曼语指的是映射到这些地理区域上的语言群体；它本身并不是一个民族或文化能指。通过将跨越广泛时间跨度的三个领域的研究结合在一起，我将阐明一个复杂的历史和文化联系和影响网络--宗教、政治、艺术、文学、经济、法律--以及它们随着时间的发展。这个项目将提供新的方式来理解历史文化是如何思考和接触他们的物理环境的，这可以告诉我们关于人类如何看待他们周围的世界和他们在其中的位置。这项研究始于公元前1世纪，凯撒对高卢/内战的评论，在那里我们找到了一些关于日耳曼尼亚北部森林的最早描述。辽阔的海西森林在罗马的地理想象中形成了欧洲的北部边界。评论中插入的段落中充满了神奇的生物(如独角兽)和野蛮部落。在凯撒之后的一个世纪，历史学家塔西图斯写下了日耳曼尼亚森林荒地上三个军团的灾难性损失，以及在神圣小树林中牺牲人类的故事。对于古典作家来说，这些难以穿透的森林是野蛮的同义词，这种联系在中世纪早期由“野蛮人”自己延续下来。随着北欧来源材料的激增，业内人士的观点出现了。与森林的实实在在的参与和想象的参与之间的交集变得更加复杂，模糊到经济用途、资源管理、法律、讲故事和宗教等领域。到中世纪末期(约1500年)，森林作为北欧文学文化的中心主题蓬勃发展，尤其是在不列颠群岛、德国和北欧世界相互关联的浪漫传统中。这项调查的时间终点把我们带到了早期现代的黎明，为接下来的几个世纪的许多重大发展埋下了种子，树木和森林再次扮演着突出的角色(科学探索、民族主义、浪漫主义)。今天，森林继续在我们的集体想象中蓬勃发展，从格林兄弟的遗产到托尔金的镜木，从朱莉娅·唐纳森的格鲁法洛到J·K·罗琳的禁林。然而，尽管森林的文化和历史潜力仍然存在，但普通现代西方人与森林的关系就不能说是一样的了。在展示这些根有多深和多纠结时，我试图揭示早期森林的生存体验与其中介残留物、实际破坏以及在气候变化和森林砍伐时代前所未有的重要性之间的紧张关系。通过包括一本书、跨学科讲习班以及影响和外联活动在内的产出，我的目标是促进对话和协同作用，不仅涉及学术学科，而且还包括与广播、生态、遗产、教育和创意产业的专家。