Seascapes: Tracing the emergence and spread of maritime networks in the Central and Western Mediterranean in the 3rd millennium BC

海景：追溯公元前三千年地中海中部和西部海洋网络的出现和传播

• 批准号: AH/T012803/1
• 负责人: Lucy Cramp
• 金额: $ 36.2万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FT012803%2F1
• 关键词: Seascapes; Tracing; emergence; spread; maritime

The Bell Beaker phenomenon has long been recognised as a material expression of a major spread of people and practices across Europe and the Mediterranean during the 3rd millennium BCE. During this period, the 'mental mapping' of the Mediterranean as a maritime space reached a critical stage; the influx of new people and cultural traits, combined with a boom in seaborne exchange, meant for the first time the western and central Mediterranean became integrated into a large maritime cultural area, foreshadowing the emergence of major Mediterranean civilizations in the next millennium.Archaeologists have viewed the so-called 'Bell Beaker' ceramics as a material expression of this maritime dispersal, reaching out from the coasts of Portugal to Tyrrhenian Italy. However, the poor chronological resolution and consequent lack of cross-regional timescales means scholarly discussions on the dynamics of this early maritime world tend to take a (micro)regional perspective and hence, the emergence of these far-flung networks are obscure. The aim of this project is to investigate the origins and large-scale dynamics of early maritimeconnectivity in the Mediterranean using a two-fold approach (i) to conduct the first large-scale radiocarbon dating programme of Mediterranean Bell Beakers, more than doubling the number of high quality radiocarbon dates from Mediterranean sites and providing the first adequate dating for a number of its regional variants and (ii) to conduct chrono-spatial modelling of the dynamics of the origins and spread of these emerging maritime networks during the 3rd millennium BCE, using newly generated and compiled chronological, cultural, dietary and environmental evidence. The timely development of compound-specific radiocarbon dating of absorbed pottery lipids offers a solution to previous dating limitations, and for the first time provides certainty of association with characteristic beakers themselves. This now enables the direct testing of proposed typochronological sequences of pottery in Iberia, with wider implications for understanding the chronological framework of Bell Beaker expansion in Europe. Our novel approach, which integrates a new major programme of 14C dating with spatio-temporal modelling using material culture requires connecting leading expertise in prehistoric maritime connectivity and material culture, biomolecular archaeology, radiocarbon dating and statistical modelling, resulting in the establishment of a lasting virtual centre of excellence ('ArchaeoLinks') across the two partner countries and their international networks.

钟形烧杯现象一直被认为是公元前3000年欧洲和地中海地区人口和习俗大规模传播的物质表现。在此期间，地中海作为一个海洋空间的“心理测绘”达到了一个关键阶段;新的人口和文化特征的涌入，加上海上交流的繁荣，意味着地中海西部和中部第一次成为一个大型海洋文化区，为下一个千年地中海文明的出现埋下了伏笔。被称为“钟形烧杯”的陶瓷作为这种海上传播的物质表达，从葡萄牙海岸延伸到第勒尼安意大利。然而，时间分辨率差，因此缺乏跨区域的时间尺度，这意味着关于这个早期海洋世界动态的学术讨论往往采取（微观）区域视角，因此，这些遥远网络的出现是模糊的。该项目的目的是调查地中海早期海洋连通性的起源和大规模动力学，采用双重方法：㈠进行地中海钟形烧杯的第一个大规模放射性碳测年方案，地中海地区高质量放射性碳测年数据的数量增加了一倍以上，并为一些区域变体提供了第一个适当的测年数据;（ii）进行计时-在公元前3000年期间，利用新生成和汇编的年代、文化、饮食和环境证据，对这些新兴海洋网络的起源和传播动态进行空间建模。对吸收的陶器脂质进行化合物特异性放射性碳测年的及时发展为以前的测年局限性提供了解决方案，并首次提供了与特征烧杯本身相关的确定性。现在，这使得直接测试拟议的伊比利亚陶器的排印年代序列，更广泛的意义，了解在欧洲的贝尔烧杯扩张的时间框架。我们的新方法将14 C测年的新主要方案与使用物质文化的时空建模相结合，需要将史前海洋连通性和物质文化，生物分子考古学，放射性碳测年和统计建模方面的领先专业知识联系起来，从而在两个伙伴国家及其国际网络之间建立一个持久的虚拟卓越中心（“EaseoLinks”）。