Strange Meetings: Enemy Encounters 1800-2020

在战争中杀人的能力常常被归因于使敌人非人的宣传，或者使敌人处于更舒适距离的技术。然而，这个项目追踪了另一种将敌人视为“陌生朋友”的感觉轨迹，正如威尔弗雷德·欧文所说的那样，在这种感觉中，敌意迅速转化为同胞的感觉。正如欧文的作品所表明的，以及大量其他士兵的著作所证实的那样，与敌人的亲密关系并不一定是杀死他的障碍。探索与敌人在文学（包括雪莱，托尔斯泰，哈代，吉卜林，欧文，托马斯，琼斯，道格拉斯，奥布莱恩，帕克），哲学，和士兵的生活写作从1800年到现在，这个项目旨在探索工作范围所做的公告的感觉为敌人都挑战和使军国主义。这项研究提供了士兵的情绪和动机的新的理解，以及对战争暴力的军事和民事理由的更广泛的见解，注意到与敌人的关系在文化上被部署的方式，使我们对战争感觉更好或更糟。它考虑哪些敌人可以成为熟悉的，哪些被认为是其他的，调查国家，种族，宗教和文化的分界线。在这样做的过程中，这个项目提出了一些紧迫的问题，这些问题对我们当代的阿米蒂、敌意、熟悉和差异的本质至关重要。与敌人的关系是思考战争伦理的核心，圣奥古斯丁、克劳塞维茨、鲍德里亚和巴特勒等不同的理论家都关注对立双方在决定战争合法性时所处位置的比例、接近程度和相互不稳定性。这个项目利用文学档案来考虑立法的核心问题，使战争暴力在可容忍的范围内：当最终结果相似时，人们被杀害，是承认还是否认敌人的人性更好？远距离杀戮的技术是否减少了杀戮带来的情感创伤？该项目采用比较近距离阅读、历史语境化和性别与情感研究的理论方法等人文方法，展示了世纪长文本提供的各种答案如何照亮我们目前的仇外心理、反叛乱行动和无人机主导的战略。这项研究将由一个国际指导委员会提供信息，为PI的英国研究背景带来专业知识补充，在四个主要冲突的焦点-拿破仑，克里米亚，南非和第一次世界大战的“另一方”（s）。它将寻求军事史的新方法，超越单一国家的关注范围，提出更具对话性和国际性的批判性军事研究方法。该项目将由士兵和退伍军人的焦点小组塑造，并将与屡获殊荣的慈善机构Re-Live合作，考虑对敌人的感觉和退伍军人的心理健康之间的关系。一个持续的系列12个生活故事讲习班和表演与重新生活将把退伍军人的经验，他们的家庭和社区在该项目的中心。与领先的军事博物馆的合作伙伴关系将为“另一面”的策展方式提供信息，军事医学博物馆和帝国战争博物馆的新画廊将使用这项研究。一系列的活动和在线材料将使公众参与关于敌人的介绍所做的文化工作的辩论。

The ability to kill in war has often been attributed to propaganda that has made the enemy subhuman, or to technology which has placed the enemy at a more comfortable distance. This project, however, traces an alternative trajectory of feeling for the enemy as a 'strange friend' as Wilfred Owen famously put it, in which enmity is swiftly transformed into forms of fellow feeling. As Owen's work suggests, and a wealth of other soldier writings confirm, intimacy with the enemy is not necessarily a barrier to killing him. Exploring encounters with the enemy in literature (including Shelley, Tolstoy, Hardy, Kipling, Owen, Thomas, Jones, Douglas, O'Brien, Parker), philosophy, and soldiers' life writings from 1800-now, this project seeks to explore the range of work done by announcements of feeling for the enemy both to challenge and enable militarism. This research offers new understandings of soldiers' emotions and motivations, and wider insights into rationales - military and civilian - for war violence, attending to the ways in which relationships with the enemy have been culturally deployed to make us feel better or worse about war. It considers which enemies can become familiar and which are held as other, investigating dividing lines of nation, race, religion, and culture. In so doing the project asks questions pressing for our contemporary moment about the nature of amity, enmity, familiarity and otherness. The relationship with the enemy is at the heart of thinking about the ethics of war, with theorists as diverse as St Augustine, Clausewitz, Baudrillard, and Butler, concerned with proportion, proximity and mutual precarity in the positions of opposing sides in determining the legitimacy of war. This project draws on literary archives to consider questions central to legislation to bring war violence within tolerable limits: Is it better to kill in recognition or denial of the humanity of one's enemy, when the end result is similar, people are killed? Do technologies for killing at distance reduce the emotional toll of that killing? The project uses humanities methods of comparative close reading, historical contextualisation and theoretical approaches from gender and emotion studies, showing how the various answers proffered by long-nineteenth century texts illuminate our present of xenophobia, counter-insurgency operations, and drone dominated strategy.This research will be informed by an international steering committee, bringing expertise complementary to the PI's British studies background, on the 'other' side(s) of the four major conflicts of focus - Napoleonic, Crimean, South African and First World Wars. It will seek new methodologies for military history, extending beyond a single country of focus to suggest more dialogic and international methods of critical military studies.The project will be shaped by focus groups with soldiers and veterans, and will work with award winning charity Re-Live to consider the relationships between feeling for the enemy and veterans' mental health. A sustained series of 12 Life Story workshops and performance with Re-Live will place the experiences of veterans, their families and communities at the project's centre. Partnerships with leading military museums will inform the way in which the 'other' side is curated, with the research used in new galleries at Military Medical Museum and Imperial War Museum. A series of events and online materials will engage the public with debates about the cultural work done by the presentation of the enemy.