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Documentary Snapshots from Seventh-Century Egypt: Local Responses to Regime Transitions

七世纪埃及的纪录片快照：当地对政权过渡的反应

基本信息

批准号：
AH/V003518/1
负责人：
Nikolaos Gonis
金额：
$ 36.04万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV003518%2F1
关键词：
Documentary Snapshots Seventh Century Egypt

项目摘要

The seventh century of our era witnessed dramatic events and transformations in the political, religious, and cultural landscape of the Near East and North Africa. Egypt did not escape the turmoil and subsequent changes. It had been relatively tranquil since its annexation to Rome in 30 BCE, but the seventh century brought a series of shocks. The country was invaded and conquered twice, first by the Sasanian Persians and then by the Arabs, who brought an end to the previous regime. Narrative sources in various languages convey a fairly detailed picture of political developments, but tell us little about how the high drama and changes affected the lives of local people and how they responded. For insight into these questions, we depend on the writing materials preserved in the sands of Egypt, papyri and ostraca. Letters and contracts, lists and accounts, receipts and chits offer unique glimpses of everyday life in the ancient world. They constitute primary evidence for administrative, social, and economic history of a kind that is hard to obtain from any other part of the ancient Mediterranean and Near East. Papyrologists have been deciphering, translating, and interpreting these texts for the benefit of the wider scholarly community for over a century, but large numbers of important texts await further study and publication. The work is necessarily slow and meticulous given the formidable technical challenges involved; we publish new texts, but also review those published previously, with the help of our ever-growing experience and technological advances. The goal of the project is to make a large amount of completely new or understudied evidence available to scholars in various disciplines. The material in question falls into three clusters, each of which offers a different snapshot of the Egyptian hinterland in the seventh century: 1. The archive of Theopemptos and Zacharias, consisting of some 60 ostraca from the city of Hermonthis in southern Egypt, the largest body of documentary texts from the time of the Persian occupation. Most of these have been published in some form, but presented in such a way that only specialists have been able to use them effectively; as a result, they have attracted little attention.2. A tax account book from a village in the area of Hermopolis in middle Egypt. It is the earliest of its kind, dating from very soon after the Arab conquest; it records both Byzantine taxes and the poll-tax introduced by the Arabs. All but one of the extant leaves of the codex have been published, but in the absence of an accessible, comprehensive, up-to-date edition, this resource has been used much less than it merits.3. The archive of Iordanes, the chief administrator of Hermonthis at the end of the seventh century. Some 50 papyri in Coptic and Greek, all unpublished, make up the largest documentary assemblage from the 680s-690s, and illustrate the beginnings of major reforms in the Caliphate and their effect at local level.

我们这个时代的七世纪见证了近东和北非政治、宗教和文化景观的戏剧性事件和变革。埃及也未能逃脱这场动乱和随后的变化。自公元前30年并入罗马以来，这里一直相对平静，但七世纪却带来了一系列的震动。该国曾两次被入侵和征服，第一次是萨珊波斯人，第二次是阿拉伯人，他们结束了前政权。各种语言的叙述资料传达了政治发展的相当详细的图景，但很少告诉我们戏剧性的戏剧和变化如何影响当地人的生活以及他们如何反应。为了深入了解这些问题，我们依赖于埃及沙中保存的书写材料、纸莎草和陶片。信件和合同、清单和账目、收据和票据提供了古代世界日常生活的独特视角。它们构成了行政、社会和经济历史的主要证据，而这种历史很难从古代地中海和近东的任何其他地区获得。一个多世纪以来，纸莎草学家一直在破译、翻译和解释这些文本，以造福更广泛的学术界，但大量重要文本有待进一步研究和出版。鉴于所涉及的艰巨的技术挑战，这项工作必然是缓慢而细致的；我们在不断增长的经验和技术进步的帮助下出版新的文本，同时也回顾以前出版的文本。该项目的目标是为各学科的学者提供大量全新或尚未研究的证据。这些材料分为三组，每一组都提供了七世纪埃及腹地的不同快照： 1. Theopemptos 和 Zacharias 的档案，由来自埃及南部赫蒙蒂斯市的约 60 个陶盘组成，是波斯占领时期最大的文献文本。其中大多数已以某种形式出版，但以只有专家才能有效使用的方式呈现；因此，它们很少引起人们的注意。2．埃及中部赫尔莫波利斯地区一个村庄的税务账簿。它是同类中最早的，可以追溯到阿拉伯征服之后不久。它记录了拜占庭的税收和阿拉伯人引入的人头税。除一本现存的法典外，所有其他内容均已出版，但由于缺乏易于理解的、全面的、最新的版本，该资源的使用远远低于其应有的水平。3。七世纪末赫蒙蒂斯首席行政长官约丹尼斯 (Iordanes) 的档案。大约 50 份科普特语和希腊语的纸莎草纸均未出版，构成了 680 年代至 690 年代最大的文献集，展示了哈里发国重大改革的开始及其在地方一级的影响。