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Assessing the viability of access and benefit-sharing models of equitable distribution of vaccines in international law

评估国际法中公平分配疫苗的获取和惠益分享模式的可行性

基本信息

批准号：
AH/V006924/1
负责人：
Mark Eccleston-Turner
金额：
$ 12.95万
依托单位：
Keele University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV006924%2F1
关键词：
Assessing viability access benefit sharing

项目摘要

Developing and distributing a COVID-19 vaccine is key to the global response strategy. How a resulting vaccine will, and ought to, be distributed is a vital question; encompassing fairness, equity, and justice for developing countries, who are likely to have poor access to a COVID-19 vaccine without some form of framework guiding allocation at the international level. It is likely that any such framework will be developed through the World Health Assembly, and there are already calls for the WHO to develop such a framework to guide the distribution of any resulting vaccine. Within international law there exist two international legal agreements upon which to model a COVID-19 distribution framework: the WHO Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework, and the UN Nagoya Protocol to the CBD. These agreements take significantly different approaches to equitable distribution and the operationalisation of the distribution. This project will assess these international agreements suitability for providing a model for COVID-19 vaccine distribution. This project uses doctrinal legal analysis and legal epidemiology to assess the extent to which these international agreements can provide a legally robust framework on which to model an agreement to ensure ethical distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine upon. From this the project will provide 'lessons learned' from the analysis of the WHO Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework, and the UN Nagoya Protocol to the CBD, to inform the development of a COVID-19 vaccine distribution through the World Health Assembly.

开发和分发COVID-19疫苗是全球应对战略的关键。由此产生的疫苗将如何以及应该如何分发是一个至关重要的问题；包括为发展中国家提供公平、公平和正义，因为如果没有某种形式的框架指导国际层面的分配，这些国家可能很难获得COVID-19疫苗。任何这样的框架很可能将通过世界卫生大会制定，并且已经有人呼吁世界卫生组织制定这样一个框架，以指导任何由此产生的疫苗的分发。在国际法中，有两项国际法律协定可作为COVID-19分发框架的模型：世卫组织大流行性流感防范框架和联合国《生物多样性公约名古屋议定书》。这些协定对公平分配和分配的运作采取了截然不同的方法。本项目将评估这些国际协议是否适合为COVID-19疫苗分发提供模式。本项目使用理论法律分析和法律流行病学来评估这些国际协议在多大程度上可以提供一个法律上健全的框架，以此为基础建立协议模型，以确保合乎道德地分发COVID-19疫苗。据此，该项目将提供从分析世卫组织大流行性流感防范框架和联合国《生物多样性公约名古屋议定书》中吸取的“经验教训”，为通过世界卫生大会制定COVID-19疫苗分发提供信息。