Assessing the viability of access and benefit-sharing models of equitable distribution of vaccines in international law

开发和分发COVID-19疫苗是全球应对战略的关键。由此产生的疫苗将如何分配以及应该如何分配是一个至关重要的问题;包括对发展中国家的公平、公正和正义，如果没有某种形式的框架来指导国际层面的分配，这些国家很可能难以获得COVID-19疫苗。任何此类框架都有可能通过世界卫生大会制定，已经有人呼吁世卫组织制定此类框架，以指导任何由此产生的疫苗的分配。在国际法中，有两个国际法律的协议可以作为COVID-19分布框架的模型：世卫组织大流行性流感防范框架和联合国生物多样性公约的名古屋议定书。这些协定对公平分配和分配的运作采取了截然不同的办法。该项目将评估这些国际协议是否适合为COVID-19疫苗分配提供模型。该项目使用理论法律的分析和法律的流行病学来评估这些国际协议可以在多大程度上提供一个法律上健全的框架，以建立一个协议模型，确保COVID-19疫苗的道德分配。由此，该项目将提供从分析世卫组织大流行性流感防范框架和联合国《生物多样性公约名古屋议定书》中吸取的“经验教训”，为通过世界卫生大会制定COVID-19疫苗分配提供信息。

Developing and distributing a COVID-19 vaccine is key to the global response strategy. How a resulting vaccine will, and ought to, be distributed is a vital question; encompassing fairness, equity, and justice for developing countries, who are likely to have poor access to a COVID-19 vaccine without some form of framework guiding allocation at the international level. It is likely that any such framework will be developed through the World Health Assembly, and there are already calls for the WHO to develop such a framework to guide the distribution of any resulting vaccine. Within international law there exist two international legal agreements upon which to model a COVID-19 distribution framework: the WHO Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework, and the UN Nagoya Protocol to the CBD. These agreements take significantly different approaches to equitable distribution and the operationalisation of the distribution. This project will assess these international agreements suitability for providing a model for COVID-19 vaccine distribution. This project uses doctrinal legal analysis and legal epidemiology to assess the extent to which these international agreements can provide a legally robust framework on which to model an agreement to ensure ethical distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine upon. From this the project will provide 'lessons learned' from the analysis of the WHO Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework, and the UN Nagoya Protocol to the CBD, to inform the development of a COVID-19 vaccine distribution through the World Health Assembly.