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INVENTING 'REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS': SEX, BODIES AND POPULATION, 1945-1995

发明“生殖权利”：性别、身体和人口，1945 年至 1995 年

基本信息

批准号：
AH/V008420/1
负责人：
Maud Anne Bracke
金额：
$ 28.31万
依托单位：
University of Glasgow
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV008420%2F1
关键词：
INVENTING REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS SEX BODIES

项目摘要

The choice as to whether to have children, when and with whom as an undeniable human right is nowadays broadly accepted across the globe. How did it come to be so? History shows us that this idea is by no means self-evident, and that its emergence was neither inevitable nor without conflict. Between 1945 and the 1990s, novel ideas regarding reproductive choice and bodily autonomy were contested and negotiated, leading to what today we call 'reproductive rights' as set of political, legal and medical principles. 'Inventing Reproductive Rights' will create new insight into the historical contexts in which the notion of reproductive rights has developed since 1945 and up to the mid-1990s, when 'reproductive health and rights' were inscribed into UN human rights. It traces shifts in sexual culture, gender roles, demography, and medical practices. The project deals with 'family planning', contraception and abortion, focusing on campaigning groups, experts, and policy-makers. Two key hypotheses underpin the project. Firstly, the emergence of reproductive rights ideas did not diminish the attempts by a range of actors at intervening in individuals' reproductive choices, but rather reframed such interventions. Secondly, it created new ways for individuals to exercise reproductive agency. These arguments are illustrated by focusing on three developments: medicalisation, or the growing role played by medical institutions in intervening in the reproductive body; feminisation, or the growing understanding that women rather than men are the key agents of reproductive planning; and the social hierarchy of reproductive bodies, or the framing of some bodies as more worthy of procreation than others, as based on social class, 'race', and ability. The project builds on innovative scholarship on the Global South to present a globally connected analysis, with particular focus on Europe. Challenging the assumption that reproductive rights emerged solely in a liberal-democratic context, the project integrates communist Eastern and democratic Western Europe. The PI's research focuses on the UK and Italy, while a Research Associate studies Yugoslavia. The three countries reflect wider phenomena such as sexual modernisation and women-centred activism. They are distinguished by, for instance, the power of the Catholic culture in defining cultural norms (Italy); the relatively early liberalisation of contraception and abortion (UK), or the state's attempts to globally present itself as a champion for reproductive rights (Yugoslavia). The project is underpinned by an interdisciplinary conversation between the PI and established and early career scholars in History, Social Science, Law, and Medical Humanities. A monograph by the PI will provide the starting point for wider debate at two major international conferences, and the project will result in a Special Issue. Contemporary debates and practices of reproductive rights continue to be framed by historical developments; therefore, historical awareness is needed to understand the obstacles to full reproductive justice today. We collaborate with young people in the Glasgow area and Sandyford Sexual Health Services (NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde) to create new insight into young people's experiences and values regarding reproductive rights, focusing on gender relations, access to services, and socio-cultural context. Our outputs - a large-scale survey among young people, small-group discussion, and an educational comic strip - will feed into Sandyford's policy recommendations to the Scottish Government. More broadly, they will benefit NHS professionals and youth, community and educational services around the UK. We envisage these outputs as building blocks towards a Reproductive Justice Education agenda: educating those working with young people, giving voice to the latter, and interpreting their experiences.

选择是否要孩子、何时要孩子以及与谁要孩子，作为一项不可否认的人权，如今已在地球仪得到广泛接受。怎么会这样呢？历史告诉我们，这一思想绝不是不言自明的，它的出现既不是不可避免的，也不是没有冲突的。在1945年到1990年代之间，关于生育选择和身体自主的新想法受到争议和谈判，导致了我们今天所说的"生育权利"，作为一套政治，法律的和医学原则。"创造生殖权利"将使人们对生殖权利概念自1945年至1990年代中期发展的历史背景有新的认识，当时"生殖健康和权利"被列入联合国人权。它追溯了性文化，性别角色，人口统计学和医疗实践的变化。该项目涉及"计划生育"、避孕和堕胎，重点是宣传团体、专家和决策者。两个关键假设支撑着这个项目。首先，生殖权利思想的出现并没有减少一系列行为者干预个人生殖选择的努力，而是重新界定了这种干预。其次，它为个人行使生殖能力创造了新的途径。这些论点是通过集中在三个发展来说明的：医疗化，或医疗机构在干预生殖身体方面发挥越来越大的作用;女性化，或越来越认识到妇女而不是男子是生殖计划的关键代理人;以及生殖身体的社会等级，或者说，基于社会阶级，“种族”，和能力该项目以全球南方的创新奖学金为基础，提出了一个全球性的分析，特别关注欧洲。该项目假定生殖权利只是在自由民主的背景下产生的，并将共产主义东欧和民主西欧结合起来。PI的研究重点是英国和意大利，而研究助理研究南斯拉夫。这三个国家反映了更广泛的现象，如性现代化和以女性为中心的行动主义。例如，天主教文化在定义文化规范方面的力量（意大利）;相对较早的避孕和堕胎自由化（英国），或者国家试图在全球范围内展示自己作为生殖权利的拥护者（南斯拉夫）。该项目的基础是PI与历史，社会科学，法律和医学人文学科的既定和早期职业学者之间的跨学科对话。PI的专著将为两个主要国际会议上更广泛的辩论提供起点，该项目将产生一个特刊。当代关于生殖权利的辩论和做法继续受到历史发展的制约;因此，需要有历史意识，以了解当今充分实现生殖正义的障碍。我们与年轻人在格拉斯哥地区和桑迪福德性健康服务（NHS大格拉斯哥和克莱德）合作，创造新的见解年轻人的经验和价值观有关生殖权利，侧重于性别关系，获得服务，和社会文化背景。我们的成果--在年轻人中进行的大规模调查、小组讨论和教育漫画--将纳入桑迪福德向苏格兰政府提出的政策建议。更广泛地说，它们将使英国各地的NHS专业人员和青年，社区和教育服务受益。我们设想这些产出是实现生殖公正教育议程的基石：教育那些与年轻人一起工作的人，让后者发声，并解释他们的经历。