The Impacts of COVID-19 on Modern Slavery in Transition: A Case Study of Sudan

COVID-19 对转型中的现代奴隶制的影响：苏丹案例研究

• 批准号: AH/V01112X/1
• 负责人: Katarina Schwarz
• 金额: $ 12.01万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV01112X%2F1
• 关键词: Impacts; COVID; 19; Modern; Slavery

When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, Sudan was in the midst of a democratic transition, involving the reconstruction of state institutions, development of new legislation and governing frameworks, and a commitment to ensuring the protection and advancement of human rights. Amongst these activities, the Government demonstrated the political will to address modern slavery and improve the country's rating in the US State Department's Trafficking in Persons Report. As the country with the 14th highest prevalence of modern slavery globally, effective response efforts in Sudan would have a meaningful impact on global antislavery. Yet, despite renewed commitment, these activities faced the obstacles of economic strain, limited resources and capacity, and the ongoing need to ensure peace and stability in the country. COVID-19 exacerbated these obstacles, as well as presenting substantial new challenges to ensuring effective antislavery in the transition. Yet, the specific impacts and implications of the pandemic on modern slavery and antislavery responses in Sudan remains unknown. This research will fill a critical knowledge and information gap on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on modern slavery in Sudan, and formulate recommendations and guidelines for appropriate mitigation and response efforts. Through multi-layered, mixed methods analysis, our research will seek to answer five key questions:(1) How is COVID-19 impacting the dynamics and manifestations of modern slavery in Sudan?(2) How is COVID-19 influencing structural, community, and personal factors that underpin vulnerability to modern slavery in Sudan?(3) How is COVID-19 affecting the development and implementation of antislavery policy and practice in Sudan?(4) How have policy-makers and practitioners adapted their antislavery efforts in response to the ongoing challenges presented by the pandemic, and to what extent have these measures been successful?(5) What measures should be adopted by policy-makers and practitioners to ensure effective antislavery governance in Sudan during and after the pandemic?To understand the impacts of the pandemic on modern slavery dynamics, vulnerabilities, and responses, this project combines three layers of research and analysis: (1) a comprehensive review of existing and emerging evidence; (2) in-depth interviews with key informants in policy and practice in Sudan and internationally; and (3) a supplementary survey of key stakeholders. These research activities will form the foundation for the development of evidence-based guidance for effective policy and practice to address modern slavery in Sudan during and after the pandemic, built in collaboration with UK-based Sudanese survivors. Focus group discussion with these survivors will ensure the voice of affected communities shapes policy and practice guidance, and responds to the specific needs and interests of survivors. This approach positions survivors not as the subjects of research, but as co-creators of research outputs. The project takes advantage of the existing expertise and networks of project partners to deliver meaningful findings and outputs in a short timeframe. Engagement with key stakeholders as both participants and users of the research ensures buy-in from the outset, and helps to facilitate uptake. Project partners will work proactively throughout the project, and on completion, to ensure findings are embedded in ongoing policy and practice processes, to support long-lasting change. This research is further embedded in a longer-term process of political transition in Sudan, in which antislavery and human rights have been considered a priority. This provides the opportunity for meaningful, evidence-based recommendations to significantly influence Sudanese antislavery governance into the future. This will support greater stability and human rights protections in Sudan, recognised to be central to building greater stability in the region more broadly.

2019冠状病毒病疫情爆发时，苏丹正处于民主过渡时期，涉及重建国家机构、制定新的立法和治理框架，以及承诺确保保护和促进人权。在这些活动中，政府表现出了解决现代奴隶制问题和提高美国国务院《贩运人口报告》中国家评级的政治意愿。作为全球现代奴隶制流行率第14高的国家，苏丹的有效应对措施将对全球反奴隶制产生有意义的影响。然而，尽管重新作出承诺，这些活动面临着经济紧张、资源和能力有限以及持续需要确保该国和平与稳定等障碍。COVID-19加剧了这些障碍，并为确保过渡期间有效的反奴隶制提出了重大的新挑战。然而，这一流行病对苏丹现代奴隶制和反奴隶制反应的具体影响和影响仍然未知。这项研究将填补关于COVID-19大流行对苏丹现代奴隶制影响的关键知识和信息空白，并为适当的缓解和应对工作制定建议和指导方针。通过多层次的混合方法分析，我们的研究将寻求回答五个关键问题：（1）COVID-19如何影响苏丹现代奴隶制的动态和表现？(2)COVID-19如何影响苏丹对现代奴隶制脆弱性的结构、社区和个人因素？(3)COVID-19如何影响苏丹反奴隶制政策和实践的制定和实施？(4)政策制定者和从业人员如何调整他们的反奴隶制努力，以应对疫情带来的持续挑战，这些措施在多大程度上取得了成功？(5)政策制定者和从业者应采取哪些措施，以确保在疫情期间和之后苏丹有效的反奴隶制治理？为了了解这一流行病对现代奴隶制动态、脆弱性和应对措施的影响，该项目结合了三个层面的研究和分析：（1）对现有和新出现的证据进行全面审查;（2）对苏丹和国际上政策和实践方面的关键知情人进行深入访谈;（3）对关键利益攸关方进行补充调查。这些研究活动将为制定循证指南奠定基础，以制定有效的政策和做法，在大流行病期间和之后解决苏丹的现代奴隶制问题，这是与驻英国的苏丹幸存者合作建立的。与这些幸存者的焦点小组讨论将确保受影响社区的声音形成政策和实践指导，并对幸存者的具体需求和利益作出回应。这种方法不将幸存者定位为研究对象，而是将其定位为研究成果的共同创造者。该项目利用现有的专门知识和项目伙伴网络，在短时间内提供有意义的调查结果和产出。与作为研究参与者和使用者的关键利益攸关方接触，确保从一开始就得到认同，并有助于促进吸收。项目合作伙伴将在整个项目期间和项目完成时积极主动地开展工作，以确保将调查结果纳入现行政策和实践进程，以支持持久的变革。这项研究进一步嵌入了苏丹长期的政治过渡进程，其中反奴隶制和人权被视为优先事项。这为提出有意义的、基于证据的建议提供了机会，以便对苏丹未来的反奴隶制治理产生重大影响。这将支持苏丹的更大稳定和人权保护，这被认为是在更广泛的地区建立更大稳定的核心。

项目成果

Compounding Vulnerability in Sudan: An Analysis of the Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Related Restrictions on Vulnerabilities to Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery

苏丹的脆弱性加剧：Covid-19 大流行及相关限制对人口贩运和现代奴隶制脆弱性的影响分析

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Human Rights Review (accepted, forthcoming)
• 作者: Lumley-Sapanski A

The impacts of Covid-19 on human trafficking in Sudan: a case study of pandemic in transition

Covid-19 对苏丹人口贩运的影响：转型时期大流行的案例研究

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Schwarz K

The Khartoum Process and Human Trafficking

喀土穆进程与人口贩运

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Forced Migration Review
• 作者: Lumley-Sapanski A

The impacts of Covid-19 on human trafficking in Sudan: Research Summary

Covid-19 对苏丹人口贩运的影响：研究摘要

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Lumley-Sapanski A

How did the Covid-19 pandemic impact modern slavery and human trafficking in Sudan?

Covid-19 大流行如何影响苏丹的现代奴隶制和人口贩运？

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Peiro Mir M