The ethical demands of translating Gender-Based Violence: a practice-based research project

翻译基于性别的暴力的道德要求：基于实践的研究项目

• 批准号: AH/W000199/1
• 负责人: Charlotte Bosseaux
• 金额: $ 29.69万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FW000199%2F1
• 关键词: ethical; demands; translating; Gender; Based

GBV is a global pandemic with United Nations figures indicating that 1 in 3 women will suffer GBV in her life. This statistic sheds light on a disturbing escalation worldwide created by the social effects of COVID 19 and the refugee crisis in Europe. However, beyond statistics there are human beings, survivors, whose stories I propose to explore in a multilingual documentary. My project focuses on testimonies told by survivors as I am interested in the ethical role played by translation when transmitting their experience and in the way translators cope with the translation of challenging sensitive material. My main goals are to establish which translation method is the most ethical when translating audiovisual personal narratives and to provide good practice guidelines for (1) translators and translation companies, (2) filmmakers and (3) charities.Much of the translation process is invisible as translations are only thought of in relation to their original texts and produced after these have been published. It is also common to hear people say that they like a Japanese writer even if they do not read Japanese. Translation is thus an afterthought as well as an invisible activity. Yet, this perception of translation has moral or ethical consequences. Indeed, the status of language professionals is often precarious as they face decreasing rates of pay and tighter deadlines. For instance, film translators often report not having access to images when translating blockbusters. Moreover, interpreters called on rape cases are given no background information and are expected to act as neutral conduits, even if it is impossible to achieve complete neutrality. Such situations put pressure not only on service providers (language professionals and charities) but also on service users (survivors) and charities have reported not being able to trust certain interpreters. It is thus imperative to make sure that a survivor's vulnerability is not propagated in translation, and also that language professionals are provided with the emotional support that they need. Indeed, in traumatic contexts they are offered little emotional support and the emotional labour attached to translation remains largely unacknowledged in professional settings and academia. I will thus work together with a Scottish-based charity (Saheliya) supporting survivors, a filmmaker (Ling Lee), language professionals (recruited via the specialist company Screen Language) and survivors from Saheliya, to understand their expectations before filming starts, to incorporate their perspectives into the film-making process and to make sure the filming and translation processes are undertaken ethically.My project focuses on the way sensitive material is translated in order to understand how best to respond to the ethical demand of GBV translation. Given the many myths surrounding translation and interpreting, I argue that translators require additional guidance to assist them when translating GBV material, that survivors and charities need more support when working with translators, and that filmmakers need more guidance when working with survivors and translators. The documentary will focus on the stories of survivors and the role translation has played when sharing them. It will be multilingual as survivors will speak their mother tongue (including Arabic and Urdu) and translation will be carried out as soon as filming starts. As documentaries are either subtitled or a voice-over is used, two versions will be created and shown to audiences to ask for feedback on which techniques do the most justice to the survivors' voices. A final version will then be produced using this feedback. Feedback questionnaires will also be used to understand how language professionals feel about their work. Ultimately, with this project I want to make sure that the voices of survivors are ethically translated and that we also listen to the voices of the professionals who make translation possible.

GBV 是一种全球流行病，联合国数据表明，三分之一的女性一生中都会遭受 GBV 的侵害。这一统计数据揭示了新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 的社会影响和欧洲难民危机在全球范围内造成的令人不安的升级。然而，除了统计数据之外，还有人类、幸存者，我建议在一部多语言纪录片中探讨他们的故事。我的项目重点关注幸存者讲述的证词，因为我对翻译在传递他们的经验时所扮演的道德角色以及译者应对具有挑战性的敏感材料的翻译方式感兴趣。我的主要目标是确定哪种翻译方法在翻译视听个人叙事时最符合道德规范，并为 (1) 译者和翻译公司、(2) 电影制作人和 (3) 慈善机构提供良好的实践指南。翻译过程的大部分内容是不可见的，因为翻译仅根据其原文进行考虑，并在出版后制作。即使他们不懂日语，也经常听到人们说他们喜欢日本作家。因此，翻译是一种事后的想法，也是一种无形的活动。然而，这种对翻译的看法具有道德或伦理后果。事实上，语言专业人员的地位往往不稳定，因为他们面临着工资下降和更紧迫的期限。例如，电影翻译人员经常报告在翻译大片时无法访问图像。此外，强奸案件的口译员不会获得任何背景信息，即使不可能实现完全中立，他们仍有望充当中立的渠道。这种情况不仅给服务提供者（语言专业人员和慈善机构）带来压力，也给服务使用者（幸存者）带来压力，慈善机构报告称无法信任某些口译员。因此，必须确保幸存者的脆弱性不会在翻译中传播，并为语言专业人员提供他们所需的情感支持。事实上，在遭受创伤的情况下，他们几乎得不到情感支持，而与翻译相关的情感劳动在专业环境和学术界很大程度上仍未得到承认。因此，我将与一家支持幸存者的苏格兰慈善机构（萨赫利亚）、一名电影制片人（Ling Lee）、语言专业人士（通过专业公司 Screen Language 招聘）和萨赫利亚幸存者合作，在拍摄开始前了解他们的期望，将他们的观点纳入电影制作过程，并确保拍摄和翻译过程符合道德规范。我的项目重点关注敏感材料在电影中的翻译方式。 以便了解如何最好地回应 GBV 翻译的道德要求。鉴于围绕笔译和口译的许多误区，我认为译者在翻译 GBV 材料时需要额外的指导来帮助他们，幸存者和慈善机构在与译者合作时需要更多支持，电影制片人在与幸存者和译者合作时需要更多指导。这部纪录片将重点关注幸存者的故事以及翻译在分享这些故事时所发挥的作用。它将是多语言的，因为幸存者将讲他们的母语（包括阿拉伯语和乌尔都语），并且拍摄开始后将立即进行翻译。由于纪录片要么带有字幕，要么使用画外音，因此将创建两个版本并向观众展示，以征求反馈意见，了解哪种技术最能公正地表达幸存者的声音。然后将根据此反馈生成最终版本。反馈调查问卷还将用于了解语言专业人员对其工作的感受。最终，通过这个项目，我想确保幸存者的声音得到合乎道德的翻译，并且我们也倾听使翻译成为可能的专业人士的声音。