CAREER: Measuring real-time energy and fitness costs of metabolic and behavioral strategies employed by songbirds during inclement weather

职业：测量鸣禽在恶劣天气期间采用的代谢和行为策略的实时能量和健康成本

• 批准号: 2237710
• 负责人: Jamie Cornelius
• 金额: $ 149.7万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2028-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2237710&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Measuring; real; time; energy

Harsh weather can be difficult for animals to survive, especially when it is unpredictable or extreme. During storms animals may seek shelter to save energy and improve survival, but this may be difficult or have negative consequences on their reproductive success if they are also trying to raise young. The decisions that different individuals make can determine if they and their young survive to raise the next generation and this will in turn determine if a species can persist in a particular location. Storms have been increasing in frequency and intensity in some areas of the world and simultaneously becoming less predictable in when they occur. This may be particularly challenging to many animals and, yet, very few studies have attempted to describe how animals make decisions during storms, what types of metabolic traits might help them to better survive during storms and how being a parent might change those decisions. With this grant, researchers at Oregon State University will describe how songbirds behave during storms in the wild and how those behaviors affect their health and their ability to raise young. They will also carefully control different aspects of weather, such as temperature, precipitation and wind, in the lab to determine how these different factors impact the energy costs of staying warm. Together this work will allow for a better understanding of why species ranges may be contracting or expanding as the global climate changes and will guide more efficient management and conservation goals. The proposed educational and outreach plan seeks to advance representation of Native Americans and other underrepresented groups in the biological sciences and to connect communities across multiple agegroups in the context of natural history and science. Inclement weather may define species distributional edges and may increasingly impact survival as climate change exacerbates the frequency and severity of storms. There is wide variation in individual survival within populations with little understanding of the behavioral or physiological mechanisms underlying this differential survival. Despite extensive work describing seasonal flexibility in the metabolic capacity of endotherms in the lab and the impact of inclement weather on mortality and reproductive fitness in the field, few have attempted to connect these bodies of work and relate metabolic capacity to metrics of fitness during inclement weather. The proposed research examines the impact of variable weather on metabolism and behavior in a small-bodied songbird, the red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra), within different seasonal contexts. This research leverages the crossbill’s specialization on conifer seeds and opportunistic breeding behavior to 1. Quantify how the duration, type and severity of inclement weather influences songbird behavioral responses to and metabolic costs of acute weather; 2. Determine how reproductive investment and foraging performance change physiological and behavioral coping mechanisms employed during inclement weather; and 3. Quantify how metabolic traits impact behavioral strategies, performance and fitness metrics during and outside of inclement weather. These research goals will be achieved using a combination of biotelemetry, respirometry and blood physiology in both field and controlled-captive environments. The proposed experiments integrate ecophysiology, behavior and natural history to advance our understanding of why some individuals are more resilient than others in the face of environmental adversity. The PI will utilize the scholarship and guidance of experts on Native Americans mentorship to develop an Indigenous Mentoring Plan (IMP) prior to recruit Native Americans students to the project. IMPs focus on key factors that increase positive outcomes of mentorship, including: community building, relationship building and incorporation of indigenous viewpoints and approaches to science.This award was co-funded by the Animal Behavior program in Integrative Organismal Systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

恶劣的天气对动物来说很难生存，特别是当它是不可预测的或极端的时候。在风暴期间，动物可能会寻求庇护所以节省能量和提高生存率，但如果它们还试图抚养幼崽，这可能会很困难或对它们的繁殖成功产生负面影响。不同的个体所做的决定可以决定他们和他们的后代是否能生存下来养育下一代，这反过来又决定了一个物种是否能在一个特定的地方持续存在。在世界一些地区，风暴的频率和强度都在增加，同时风暴何时发生也变得越来越不可预测。这对许多动物来说可能特别具有挑战性，然而，很少有研究试图描述动物如何在风暴中做出决定，什么类型的代谢特征可能有助于它们在风暴中更好地生存，以及作为父母如何改变这些决定。有了这笔资金，俄勒冈州州立大学的研究人员将描述鸣禽在野外风暴期间的行为，以及这些行为如何影响它们的健康和养育后代的能力。他们还将在实验室中仔细控制天气的不同方面，如温度，降水和风，以确定这些不同因素如何影响保暖的能源成本。这项工作将有助于更好地了解为什么物种范围可能随着全球气候变化而缩小或扩大，并将指导更有效的管理和保护目标。拟议的教育和外联计划旨在促进美洲原住民和其他代表性不足的群体在生物科学中的代表性，并在自然历史和科学方面将多个年龄组的社区联系起来。恶劣的天气可能会界定物种的分布边缘，并可能越来越多地影响生存，因为气候变化加剧了风暴的频率和严重程度。种群内个体生存存在很大差异，但对这种差异生存的行为或生理机制知之甚少。尽管大量的工作描述了实验室中恒温动物代谢能力的季节性灵活性以及恶劣天气对野外死亡率和生殖健康的影响，但很少有人试图将这些工作机构联系起来，并将代谢能力与恶劣天气期间的健康指标联系起来。拟议的研究探讨了在不同的季节背景下，多变的天气对一种小型鸣禽红交嘴雀（Loxia curvirostra）的新陈代谢和行为的影响。本研究利用交嘴雀对针叶树种子的专门化和机会主义的繁殖行为，以1。量化恶劣天气的持续时间、类型和严重程度如何影响鸣禽对急性天气的行为反应和代谢成本;确定生殖投资和觅食性能如何改变恶劣天气期间的生理和行为应对机制; 3.量化代谢特征如何影响恶劣天气期间和之外的行为策略，性能和健身指标。这些研究目标将在野外和受控圈养环境中使用生物遥测、呼吸测量和血液生理学相结合的方法来实现。拟议的实验整合了生态生理学，行为和自然历史，以促进我们对为什么有些人在面对环境逆境时比其他人更具弹性的理解。PI将利用美国原住民导师专家的奖学金和指导，在招募美国原住民学生参加该项目之前制定土著导师计划（IMP）。IMPs专注于增加导师制积极成果的关键因素，包括：社区建设，关系建设和纳入土著观点和科学方法。该奖项由整合有机系统中的动物行为计划共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。