'Project Radiocarbon' - Big Data, integrated cross-national heritage histories

“放射性碳计划”——大数据，整合跨国遗产历史

• 批准号: AH/W001942/1
• 负责人: Seren Griffiths
• 金额: $ 34.4万
• 依托单位: Manchester Metropolitan University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FW001942%2F1
• 关键词: Project; Radiocarbon; Big; Data; integrated

The development of the radiocarbon (14C) dating technique represents one of the most significant events in the history of archaeological thought; with this innovative method archaeology really started again in the 1950s. Identifying when things happened in time (as well as where things happened in space) is central to the archaeological endeavour. Since the 1950s millions of pounds/euro have been spent in Ireland and the UK producing 14C measurements in order to undertake archaeological research. These measurements have been funded by government heritage agencies, by academic researchers, by archaeologists in professional practice, by local societies, and by research agencies including the IRC and the AHRC. The numbers of these data have significantly increased in the UK with changes in central planning policy, from Planning Policy Guidance 16 onwards and with the development of professional archaeological practice as part of the construction industry. In the Republic of Ireland, the construction boom associated with the 'Celtic Tiger' economy had a similar impact on the scale of the production of 14C data. The rapid expansion in the numbers of 14C data also underlines how central they are to all forms of archaeology, produced from every type of archaeological site, from the whole 60,000 years of human history when the technique can be used. However, 14C data can only be used effectively in subsequent research if they are correctly reported (Bayliss 2015; Millard 2014); because of a lack of training across the sector essential data attributes are often not reported or made publuc by researchers. If these attributes are lost or removed from radiocarbon measurements their utility becomes compromised and their value lessened.Ironically, given the importance of these data, there has been a global failure to curate them effectively. Across the UK and Ireland, there is no single functioning 14C archive. Because of this, millions of euros/pounds of data are being made rogue - with inaccurate, incomplete, or otherwise compromised 14C attributes often present in research literature. Moreover, the absence of international digital archives for these essential data is a significant barrier to research that seeks to work across national historic environment agency jurisdictions. This has major issues globally for archaeological research, and is especially true for Ireland and the UK, where many research objectives exist across borders, with datasets that do not respect the confines of contemporary nation states. Further, reporting standards mean that many existing 14C data are not interoperable with existing historic environment data management systems. The result is that we are impoverishing vast quantities of data of huge value, and that our research into, analyses of, and curation of the historic environment are similarly compromised. This project will address this significant, international problem for all archaeological research periods by transforming available data from across Ireland and the UK, reconstituting the essential attributes, and safeguarding these data for the future. We will use these data to achieve innovative Big Data analyses into the management of the historic environment, and into archaeological research across all periods and regions of the UK and Ireland. Our lasting legacy will be making these data and our analyses discoverable, open access, sustainable and functional for researchers to come, providing a sector-wide training legacy, and developing schools resources to educate the next generation of digital humanities researchers in the historic environment. We are supported in this work by our historic environment partners in national government, and national heritage agencies, and the digital infrastructure provided by the Archaeology Data Service which will secure this invaluable resource for the future.

放射性碳（14 C）测年技术的发展代表了考古学思想史上最重要的事件之一;有了这种创新的方法，考古学在20世纪50年代真正重新开始。确定事情发生的时间（以及事情发生的空间）是考古工作的核心。自20世纪50年代以来，爱尔兰和英国花费了数百万英镑/欧元进行14 C测量，以进行考古研究。这些测量得到了政府遗产机构、学术研究人员、专业实践中的考古学家、当地社会以及包括IRC和AHRC在内的研究机构的资助。随着中央规划政策的变化，从规划政策指南16开始，以及作为建筑业一部分的专业考古实践的发展，这些数据的数量在英国显着增加。在爱尔兰共和国，与“凯尔特之虎”经济相关的建筑热潮对14 C数据的生产规模产生了类似的影响。14 C数据数量的迅速增长也突显了它们对所有形式的考古学的重要性，这些考古学是从每一种类型的考古遗址中产生的，是从整个6万年的人类历史中产生的。然而，14 C数据只有在正确报告的情况下才能在后续研究中有效使用（Bayliss 2015; Millard 2014）;由于缺乏跨部门的培训，研究人员通常不会报告或公布基本数据属性。如果这些属性从放射性碳测量中丢失或删除，它们的效用就会受到影响，其价值就会降低。具有讽刺意味的是，考虑到这些数据的重要性，全球都未能有效地管理它们。在整个英国和爱尔兰，没有一个单一的功能14 C档案。正因为如此，数百万欧元/磅的数据正在被篡改-研究文献中经常出现不准确，不完整或以其他方式受损的14 C属性。此外，缺乏这些基本数据的国际数字档案是寻求在国家历史环境机构管辖范围内开展研究的一个重大障碍。这在全球范围内都是考古研究的主要问题，尤其是对于爱尔兰和英国，那里的许多研究目标跨越国界，数据集不尊重当代民族国家的界限。此外，报告标准意味着许多现有的14 C数据不能与现有的历史环境数据管理系统互操作。其结果是，我们正在浪费大量具有巨大价值的数据，我们对历史环境的研究、分析和管理也同样受到损害。该项目将通过转换来自爱尔兰和英国的现有数据，重建基本属性，并为未来保护这些数据，来解决所有考古研究时期的这一重大国际问题。我们将使用这些数据来实现创新的大数据分析到历史环境的管理，并在英国和爱尔兰的所有时期和地区的考古研究。我们的持久遗产将使这些数据和我们的分析可扩展，开放访问，可持续和功能的研究人员来，提供全部门的培训遗产，并开发学校资源，以教育下一代数字人文研究人员在历史环境。我们在这项工作中得到了我们在国家政府和国家遗产机构中的历史环境合作伙伴的支持，以及考古数据服务提供的数字基础设施，这将为未来确保这一宝贵的资源。

项目成果

Radiocarbon: Big Data & Cross-border Histories

放射性碳：大数据

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: British Archaeology
• 作者: Griffiths, S.