Industry 4.0: Can AI ethics be embedded in the innovation lifecycle?

人工智能伦理框架能否嵌入工业4.0？工业4.0 （I4）是指制造业的数字化。连接多台机器的智能和自主系统利用数据来增强产品整个生命周期的制造过程——从概念和设计到使用、维护和生命周期结束。人工智能对此至关重要。它使计算机系统能够自主行动，例如诊断问题并解决问题。人类在变化中的作用。一方面，人工智能取代了人类参与决策的需要。另一方面，人类将与人工智能主导的数据收集工具（如腕带、数据眼镜或其他传感器相关设备）建立更紧密的联系。鉴于对人工智能和人机交互的广泛伦理关注，近年来存在的伦理框架数量激增。然而，这些往往侧重于抽象原则，很少详细说明如何在设计人工智能或在创新生命周期的不同阶段实施人工智能系统时实际应用它们。专门针对I4的道德框架往往侧重于员工的健康和安全，很少考虑员工的声音。该项目涉及范围界定工作，将为未来深入调查人工智能伦理框架对I4职场文化的影响奠定基础。我们对范围界定研究的指导性问题是：I4网络中的不同利益相关者和驱动者如何看待与人工智能相关的道德问题？这些看法在多大程度上反映了I4创新生命周期中的主导文化，这些文化影响了负责任的人工智能的实施？利益相关者对人工智能伦理的看法是如何受到他们自己的工作场所文化的影响的？它们在多大程度上反映了潜在的专业、职业或更广泛的社会价值观和规范？我们的利益相关者在I4的创新生命周期中处于不同的位置。这包括负责将这些创新贯穿整个生命周期的团队，例如那些涉及设计、测试和使用的团队。它还包括开发技术“堆栈”的团队，从硬件、编译器、库、服务和应用程序开发，这些都是I4人工智能创新所需的。将我们的重点与I4所采取的所有行为者和行动结合起来，将使我们能够更好地捕捉所涉及的广泛的工作场所文化问题，包括这些行为者之间相互联系所产生的问题。该项目将确定并形成一个利益社区（CoI），将参与I4的各种利益相关者聚集在一起。CoI将围绕我们的项目合作伙伴，苏格兰国家制造研究所，一个政府资助的中心，作为这些利益相关者的纽带，以及一家数据科学公司，提供世界上最广泛使用的Python发行版，工业人工智能和数据科学的云服务，以及人工智能/数据科学应用开发的专业服务。在我们的范围界定研究报告中，我们将提出一系列主题和主题，为未来的研究计划提供信息，这些研究计划与工作场所文化以及在整个生命周期中将人工智能伦理嵌入I4创新中的挑战有关。该报告将作为我们的项目合作伙伴、利益社区成员和研究团队之间对话的一部分出现。

Can AI ethics frameworks be embedded in Industry 4.0? Industry 4.0 (I4) refers to the digitization of manufacturing. Smart and autonomous systems that connect multiple machines make use of data to enhance manufacturing processes across the entire lifecycle of products-from concept and design through to use, maintenance and end-of-life. AI is critical to this. It enables computer systems to act autonomously to, for example, diagnose problems and to solve them. The role of humans in shifting. On the one hand, AI displaces the need for human input in decision-making. On the other hand, humans will work in ever closer connection with the AI-led data collecting tools, such as wristbands, data glasses, or other sensor related devices. Given widespread ethical concern regarding AI and human machine interactions, the numbers of ethical frameworks in existence have proliferated in recent years. However, these tend to focus on abstract principles with little detail on how to practically apply them when designing AI or when implementing AI systems at different stages of the innovation lifecycle. Ethical frameworks targeted specifically at I4 tend to focus on employee health and safety, with little consideration of employee voice. The project involves scoping work that will lay the foundation for future in-depth investigations into the impact of AI ethics frameworks on workplace cultures in I4. Our guiding questions for the scoping study are: How do different stakeholders and drivers within I4 networks perceive ethical issues related to AI? To what extent do these perceptions reflect dominant cultures within the I4 innovation lifecycle which impact the implementation of responsible AI? How are stakeholders' perceptions of AI ethics shaped by their own workplace culture and to what extent do they reflect underlying professional, occupational, or broader societal values and norms? Our stakeholders are variously positioned in relation to the innovation lifecycle in I4. This includes teams tasked with taking such innovations through the lifecycle, such as those involved in design, testing and use. It also includes the teams developing the 'stack' of technologies, from hardware, compilers, libraries, services and application development, needed for AI innovations in I4. Aligning our focus with the full range of actors and actions taken in I4 will enable us to better capture the broad-spectrum workplace culture issues involved, including those arising from the interconnection between these actors. The project will identify and form a Community of Interest (CoI) that brings together the range of stakeholders involved in I4. The CoI will center around our project partners, the National Manufacturing Institute Scotland, a government-funded hub that acts as a nexus of these stakeholders, and a data science company, providing the world's most widely used Python distribution, cloud services for industrial AI and data science and professional services for the development of AI/data science applications. In our scoping study report, we will present a set of topics and themes to inform a future programme of research relating to workplace cultures and the challenges for embedding AI ethics in I4 innovation throughout the lifecycle. This report will emerge as part of a dialogue between our project partners, members of the Community of Interest, and the research team.