Emerging Ethical Issues for DataLakes

拟议的项目是与创新英国资助的PathLAKE联盟的合作伙伴关系，该联盟正在将计算技术应用于癌症诊断。PATHLAKE是由Innovate UK资助的5个医学成像和数字病理学卓越中心之一。它是大学研究人员、NHS信托基金和商业组织之间的合作伙伴关系。华威大学领导着PathLAKE的计算部门，与主要合作伙伴大学医院考文垂和华威郡NHS信托基金、皇家飞利浦以及贝尔法斯特、牛津和诺丁汉的教学医院和大学的合作伙伴和专家合作，专注于乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌和结肠癌。涉及的数字实验室汇集了与目标癌症相关的组织的带注释的完整幻灯片图像(WSIS)，并欢迎该联盟以外的商业数字科学公司使用其数据训练和测试算法的申请。储存信息社会世界首脑会议的“数据记录”所涉及的问题引发了伦理问题。例如，原始组织从哪里来，根据什么知情同意制度(如果有的话)？这些问题说明了医学影像研究和发展的交叉点--数据伦理、组织伦理和一般研究伦理。从数据湖中提取数据，特别是在使用在Pathlake WSIS上训练和测试的算法开发营利性应用程序的情况下，会在公私合作伙伴关系的伦理方面提出更多问题，特别是NHSX为数据驱动研究开发的代码所预期的问题。在将算法的临床益处返还给参与NHS信托基金的组织捐赠者时，还存在与湖泊中的数据是否真正匿名或取消身份识别相关的伦理和概念问题，这可能取决于(选择性的和临时的)取消身份识别。由于个人数据的概念与身份的不可推测性有关，而且计算病理学中涉及的超级计算能力可能允许进行远远超出人类能力的非常微妙的推断，因此WSI数据是否属于个人并不明显。该项目将对所有这些问题进行绘图和初步讨论，调查结果将分发给英才中心、英国创新中心、英国政府人工智能办公室、信息专员办公室和NHS研究伦理委员会。

The proposed project is a partnership with the Innovate UK-funded PathLAKE Consortium, which is applying computational techniques to cancer diagnostics. PATHLAKE is one of 5 Centres of Excellence in medical imaging and digital pathology funded by Innovate UK. It is a partnership between university researchers, NHS trusts and commercial organizations. The University of Warwick is leading the computational arm of PathLAKE, working together with partners and experts at the lead partner University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Royal Philips and teaching hospitals and universities at Belfast, Oxford and Nottingham, focussing on breast, prostate, lung and colon cancers. The digital labs involved have pooled annotated whole slide images (WSIs) of tissue relevant to the targeted cancers and have welcomed applications from commercial digital science companies outside the consortium to train and test algorithms with its data. Ethical issues are raised by what is involved in stocking the "datalake" of WSIs. For example, where does the original tissue come from and under what informed consent regime if any? These issues illustrate the intersection in medical imagery research and development of data ethics, tissue ethics and general research ethics. Extracting data from the data-lake, especially where it leads to the development of for-profit apps using algorithms trained and tested on Pathlake WSIs, raises further issues in the ethics of public-private partnerships, specifically those anticipated by Codes developed for data-driven research by NHSX. There are also ethical and conceptual issues connected with whether data in the lake are truly anonymised or de-identified when returning clinical benefit from algorithms to tissue donors from the participating NHS trusts may depend on (selective and temporary) de-identification. Since the concept of personal data is tied to the inferability of identity, and since super computing power involved in computational pathology may allow for very subtle inferences far beyond human capacities, it is far from obvious whether WSI data is personal or not. A mapping and preliminary discussion of all of these issues will result from the project, and findings will be distributed to the Centres of Excellence, Innovate UK, and the UK Government Office for AI, as well as the Office of the Information Commissioner, and NHS Research Ethics Committees.