Transformative Memories In Political Violence: An International Network

在政治暴力事件发生后，人们如何、记住了什么，以及他们如何分配责任？在过去的三十年里，过渡司法模式主导了对政治暴力时期的反应。虽然这种方法值得称赞，但它们往往以静态的方式构思记忆和暴力，似乎通过重建事件来从过去检索真相或事实可以澄清事实，并促进统一的治愈。这些自上而下的努力往往无法治愈社会创伤，因为它们不会改变压迫、剥夺和排斥的制度。因此，正如‘国际和平与信任年’所强调的那样，“和平不仅仅是没有冲突”。因此，我们需要批判性地审问对政治暴力的记忆和责任的使用，认识到如果没有这一点，我们就会破坏国际青联核心的可持续和平。国际青年会注意到“充满活力的参与性进程”对促进了解和建设可持续和平的重要性。我们的研究调查回应了这些批评和参与的呼声，通过我们的变革性记忆网络积极参与到生成形式的记忆工作中。经过合作伙伴之间近十年的非正式交流和研究合作，2019年成立了变革性记忆国际网络，它是一个由学者、艺术家、社会运动领袖、社区组织和政策制定者组成的集体，致力于研究是什么让记忆变得具有变革性。网络成员来自哥伦比亚、乌干达、印度尼西亚、加拿大和北爱尔兰。我们的调查路线和方法建立在网络成员和合作伙伴之间围绕关键问题进行知识交流的基础上：我们如何记住对大规模和国家支持的暴力事件的责任？我们从有权势的行动者推卸责任的策略中学到了什么？记忆责任如何塑造土地、社区、国家和全球政治中现在和未来的关系以及团结在一起的方式？我们通过采用一种方法论来解决这些问题，这种方法将记忆的工作置于生物、关系和场所的网络中，这些网络共同构成了一个强大的作用力领域。在之前两次交流(乌干达2019年、哥伦比亚2020年)的基础上，我们将于2022年在贝尔法斯特主办一个记忆实验室。MemoLab将通过促进基于地点的、互惠的和具体的知识交流，并通过使用对话方法，如戏剧、纺织品创作、讲故事、测绘(和参观贝尔法斯特分裂的风景)、视觉参与、音景和表演，来询问记忆实践和研究问题。为期六天的记忆实验室将由阿尔斯特大学及其合作伙伴和合作者主办：通过记忆治愈、冲突纺织品、粉碎时代剧院公司以及国家博物馆NI在阿尔斯特博物馆举行的新的“麻烦与超越”展览。通过记忆治愈将确定来自北爱尔兰的参与者，包括艺术家、从业者、受害者、前战斗人员、民间社会成员，与国际网络参与者一起加入记忆实验室。记忆实验室将包括一个研究生会议，以及为一期特刊撰写六篇文章的空间。在MemoLab的同时，来自网络成员和合作伙伴的精选作品将在一年一度的都柏林艺术和人权节(DAHRF)和阿尔斯特博物馆的“麻烦和超越”展览中展出。来自记忆实验室的作品(如装置、海报艺术、音乐、诗歌和表演)将被添加到一年一度的DAHRF在线展览中。记忆实验室将与一年一度的DAHRF(2022年10月)同时举行。这将为a)展览提供信息，该展览将在MemoLab之后前往哥伦比亚、加拿大和乌干达，以及b)网络成员的研究创造至少有2篇额外的期刊文章。记忆实验室的全部成果将存放在目前的网络数字档案馆中。

In the wake of political violence, how and what do people remember, and how do they assign responsibility? Over the past thirty years, transitional justice (TJ) models have dominated responses to periods of political violence. While such approaches are laudatory, they often conceive of memory and violence in static ways, as if reconstructing events to retrieve truth or facts from the past can set the record straight and promote unified healing. These top-down efforts often fail to heal social wounds as they do not transform systems of oppression, dispossession, and exclusion. Thus highlighting as the 'International Year of Peace and Trust'( IYPT) does, "peace not only is the absence of conflict". We, therefore, need to critically interrogate the use of memory and responsibility for political violence, recognising that without this we undermine sustainable peace at the heart of the IYPT. The IYPT notes the importance of a "dynamic participatory process" to foster understanding and build sustainable peace. Our research inquiry responds to these critiques and the call for participation by actively engaging in generative forms of memory work through our Transformative Memory Network. Established in 2019 following nearly a decade of informal exchange and research collaboration between partners, the Transformative Memory International Network is a collective of scholars, artists, social movement leaders, community-based organisations and policymakers, engaged with the question of what makes memory transformative. Network members are from Colombia, Uganda, Indonesia, Canada and Northern Ireland. Our lines of inquiry and methodology build on knowledge exchange amongst Network members and partners around key questions: How do we remember responsibility for mass and state-sponsored violence? What do we learn from the strategies of powerful actors to deny responsibility? How does remembering responsibility shape present and future relations and ways of being together in land, community, country, and global politics?We address these questions by adopting a methodology that situates the work of memory in the web of living beings, relationships and places that co-constitute it as a powerful force field of action. Building on two previous exchanges (Uganda 2019, Colombia, 2020), we will host a MemoLab in Belfast in 2022. The MemoLab will interrogate memory practices and the research questions by fostering exchanges of knowledge that are place-based, reciprocal and embodied and through the use of dialogical methods such as theatre, textile creation, storytelling, mapping (and visiting the divided landscape of Belfast), visual engagement, soundscape and performance. The six-day MemoLab will be hosted by Ulster University and partners and collaborators: Healing Through Remembering, Conflict Textiles, the Smashing Times Theatre company, and National Museums NI on their new "Troubles and Beyond" exhibit at the Ulster Museum. Healing Through Remembering will identify participants from Northern Ireland, including artists, practitioners, victims, former combatants, civil society members to join the MemoLab with international Network participants. The MemoLab will include a Graduate Conference, and space to work on six articles for a Special Issue. Concurrent to the MemoLab selected pieces from Network members and partners will be shown in the annual Dublin Arts and Human Rights Festival (DAHRF) and the Ulster Museum's "Troubles and Beyond" exhibit. Pieces emerging from the MemoLab (e.g. installation, poster art, music, poetry and performance) will be added to the annual DAHRF online exhibit. The MemoLab will coincide with the annual DAHRF (October 2022). This will inform an a) exhibit that travels to Colombia, Canada, and Uganda after the MemoLab and b) research-creation among Network's members with at least 2 additional journal articles. The full results of the MemoLab will be housed in the current Digital Archive of the Network.