Applicability and scalability of a sustainable re-construction framework for seismic-prone heritage areas of Gujarat, India.

印度古吉拉特邦地震多发遗产地区可持续重建框架的适用性和可扩展性。

• 批准号: AH/X006832/1
• 负责人: Bernadette Devilat
• 金额: $ 11.02万
• 依托单位: Nottingham Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX006832%2F1
• 关键词: Applicability; scalability; sustainable; re; construction

In this follow-on, we will extend our findings and make them tangible and relevant to the community, local authorities and stakeholders, raising awareness and supporting earthquake preparedness using the methodology developed in the initial research project. We will study its applicability and scalability in Gujarat, India, by developing pilot activities and outputs for Bela, based on data already obtained, as a framework that can serve for implementation in similar cases beyond this project.Vernacular housing in heritage settlements is liable to deterioration, damage and destruction due to disasters and human-induced hazards. Inhabitants mainly build this non-monumental heritage as an affordable response to local climatic, environmental conditions based on traditional modes of living and building. If located in seismic areas, it is at greater risk due to the recurrent and destructive threat of earthquakes. But responses are usually activated afterwards, lacking mitigation strategies to diminish destruction.The most common post-earthquake approach is to build anew yet the most sustainable is to reuse, considering building's embedded energy and heritage significance. However, in mid and low-income heritage areas, documentation for a culturally-sensitive recovery and preparedness is usually absent, repairs are costly and slow, and large numbers of affected constructions hinder damage assessment. To tackle this, we exploit advanced documentation technologies aiming towards a new approach to re-construction: a culture of repair, reuse, adaptation and risk mitigation.In previous phases of this project, we combined 3D laser scanning, drone capture, photography and social surveys (interviews) to develop a sustainable re-construction methodology for seismic-prone heritage settlements of Kutch (Gujarat, India). It could improve the chances of a rapid and effective response in case of an earthquake, enhance the possibilities of reusing existing structures, and increase preparedness and resilience in local communities, by defining four strategic guidelines: 1 Immediate post-earthquake action: data obtained to inform damage assessment and planning at two different scales (village - individual buildings)2 Mid and long term study: evaluation of previous earthquake responses, risk assessment and mitigation (preparedness)3 Community engagement and participation: critical for local validation, support and knowledge incorporation. Communities' heritage valuation and conservation: bottom-up perspective to empower a local agency. 4 Applicability via institutional partnerships: overarching structure linking Academia, local NGOs and Governmental Institutions to support the methodology implementation with specific technical skills and local capacity-building. After the 2001 earthquake, which had a magnitude of 7.7 Mw scale an owner-driven approach, financially supported by the government and technically supported by local authorities and NGOs was implemented to repair buildings. However, the quality of the result was not always adequate for the specific type of construction, poorly or incompletely executed. These processes could be enhanced and scaled up to reach more families if the proposed methodology is implemented. Advances have been made concerning engagement with governmental institutions and reaching local authorities. However, the gap that needs further study and will be addressed in this project is regarding impact and applicability. Based on the methodology developed, we will create impact at three levels: 1) Institutional: via developing a disaster risk management plan and post-earthquake actions with local authorities; 2) Tangible: via developing and applying an example repair solution; 3) Academic: via technical support, publications and presentations. This will be done in collaboration with our project partners in India, in which each institution will play a specific leading role for each level.

在这个后续项目中，我们将扩展我们的研究结果，使其与社区、地方当局和利益相关者切实相关，提高人们的认识，并使用最初研究项目中开发的方法支持地震防备。我们将研究其在印度古吉拉特邦的适用性和可扩展性，根据已获得的数据为贝拉制定试点活动和产出，作为一个框架，可用于在本项目以外的类似案例中实施。由于灾害和人为灾害，遗产聚落的民居容易恶化、损坏和破坏。居民主要建造这个非纪念性遗产，作为对当地气候和环境条件的一种负担得起的回应，以传统的生活和建筑模式为基础。如果位于地震地区，则由于地震的周期性和破坏性威胁而面临更大的风险。但反应通常是在事后才启动的，缺乏减少破坏的缓解策略。震后最常见的方法是重建，但考虑到建筑的内在能源和遗产意义，最可持续的方法是再利用。然而，在中低收入的遗产地区，关于文化敏感的恢复和准备工作的文件通常是缺乏的，修复是昂贵和缓慢的，大量受影响的建筑阻碍了损害评估。为了解决这个问题，我们利用先进的文档技术，旨在建立一种新的重建方法：一种修复、再利用、适应和降低风险的文化。在这个项目的前几个阶段，我们结合了3D激光扫描、无人机捕捉、摄影和社会调查（访谈），为印度古吉拉特邦Kutch的地震易发遗产定居点开发了一种可持续的重建方法。它可以通过定义四项战略指导方针，提高地震发生时快速有效反应的机会，提高现有结构的再利用可能性，并提高当地社区的准备和恢复能力：1 .震后立即行动：获得数据，为两个不同尺度（村庄-个体建筑）的损害评估和规划提供信息；2 .中长期研究：评估以往的地震反应、风险评估和减灾（备灾）3社区参与和参与：对地方验证、支持和知识整合至关重要。社区遗产评估和保护：自下而上的视角赋予地方机构权力。4 .通过机构伙伴关系的适用性：将学术界、地方非政府组织和政府机构联系起来的总体结构，以具体技术技能和地方能力建设支持方法的实施。2001年震级为7.7兆瓦的地震发生后，在政府的资金支持和地方政府和非政府组织的技术支持下，采取了业主主导的方法来修复建筑物。然而，结果的质量并不总是适合于特定类型的建筑，执行得很差或不完全。如果实施提议的方法，这些进程可以得到加强和扩大，以覆盖更多的家庭。在与政府机构接触和与地方当局接触方面取得了进展。然而，需要进一步研究并将在本项目中解决的差距是关于影响和适用性。根据开发的方法，我们将在三个层面产生影响：1)制度：通过制定灾害风险管理计划和与地方当局的震后行动；2)有形的：通过开发和应用一个示例修复方案；3)学术：通过技术支持、出版物和演讲。这将与我们在印度的项目伙伴合作完成，其中每个机构将在每个级别发挥具体的领导作用。