Applicability and scalability of a sustainable re-construction framework for seismic-prone heritage areas of Gujarat, India.

印度古吉拉特邦地震多发遗产地区可持续重建框架的适用性和可扩展性。

• 批准号: AH/X006832/1
• 负责人: Bernadette Devilat
• 金额: $ 11.02万
• 依托单位: Nottingham Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX006832%2F1
• 关键词: Applicability; scalability; sustainable; re; construction

In this follow-on, we will extend our findings and make them tangible and relevant to the community, local authorities and stakeholders, raising awareness and supporting earthquake preparedness using the methodology developed in the initial research project. We will study its applicability and scalability in Gujarat, India, by developing pilot activities and outputs for Bela, based on data already obtained, as a framework that can serve for implementation in similar cases beyond this project.Vernacular housing in heritage settlements is liable to deterioration, damage and destruction due to disasters and human-induced hazards. Inhabitants mainly build this non-monumental heritage as an affordable response to local climatic, environmental conditions based on traditional modes of living and building. If located in seismic areas, it is at greater risk due to the recurrent and destructive threat of earthquakes. But responses are usually activated afterwards, lacking mitigation strategies to diminish destruction.The most common post-earthquake approach is to build anew yet the most sustainable is to reuse, considering building's embedded energy and heritage significance. However, in mid and low-income heritage areas, documentation for a culturally-sensitive recovery and preparedness is usually absent, repairs are costly and slow, and large numbers of affected constructions hinder damage assessment. To tackle this, we exploit advanced documentation technologies aiming towards a new approach to re-construction: a culture of repair, reuse, adaptation and risk mitigation.In previous phases of this project, we combined 3D laser scanning, drone capture, photography and social surveys (interviews) to develop a sustainable re-construction methodology for seismic-prone heritage settlements of Kutch (Gujarat, India). It could improve the chances of a rapid and effective response in case of an earthquake, enhance the possibilities of reusing existing structures, and increase preparedness and resilience in local communities, by defining four strategic guidelines: 1 Immediate post-earthquake action: data obtained to inform damage assessment and planning at two different scales (village - individual buildings)2 Mid and long term study: evaluation of previous earthquake responses, risk assessment and mitigation (preparedness)3 Community engagement and participation: critical for local validation, support and knowledge incorporation. Communities' heritage valuation and conservation: bottom-up perspective to empower a local agency. 4 Applicability via institutional partnerships: overarching structure linking Academia, local NGOs and Governmental Institutions to support the methodology implementation with specific technical skills and local capacity-building. After the 2001 earthquake, which had a magnitude of 7.7 Mw scale an owner-driven approach, financially supported by the government and technically supported by local authorities and NGOs was implemented to repair buildings. However, the quality of the result was not always adequate for the specific type of construction, poorly or incompletely executed. These processes could be enhanced and scaled up to reach more families if the proposed methodology is implemented. Advances have been made concerning engagement with governmental institutions and reaching local authorities. However, the gap that needs further study and will be addressed in this project is regarding impact and applicability. Based on the methodology developed, we will create impact at three levels: 1) Institutional: via developing a disaster risk management plan and post-earthquake actions with local authorities; 2) Tangible: via developing and applying an example repair solution; 3) Academic: via technical support, publications and presentations. This will be done in collaboration with our project partners in India, in which each institution will play a specific leading role for each level.

在这一后续行动中，我们将扩大我们的调查结果，使其切实可行，并与社区，地方当局和利益相关者相关，提高认识，并使用初步研究项目中开发的方法支持地震准备。我们将研究其在印度古吉拉特邦的适用性和可扩展性，根据已经获得的数据，为Bela开发试点活动和成果，作为一个框架，可以在本项目以外的类似情况下实施。遗产定居点的本土住房容易因灾害和人为危害而恶化、损坏和破坏。居民们主要是在传统的生活和建筑模式的基础上，根据当地的气候和环境条件，以负担得起的价格建造这一非纪念性遗产。如果位于地震区，由于地震的重复性和破坏性威胁，它面临的风险更大。但是，地震后的应对措施通常是事后启动的，缺乏减少破坏的缓解策略。最常见的震后方法是重建，但考虑到建筑的内在能源和遗产意义，最可持续的方法是再利用。然而，在中低收入的遗产地区，通常缺乏文化敏感的恢复和准备文件，修复费用昂贵且缓慢，大量受影响的建筑物阻碍了损害评估。为了解决这个问题，我们利用先进的文档技术，旨在实现一种新的重建方法：修复，再利用，适应和风险缓解的文化。在这个项目的前几个阶段，我们结合了3D激光扫描，无人机捕获，摄影和社会调查（访谈），为Kutch（古吉拉特邦，印度）的地震多发遗产定居点开发了一种可持续的重建方法。通过确定以下四项战略指导方针，可提高在发生地震时作出快速有效反应的机会，增加重新利用现有结构的可能性，并提高地方社区的备灾能力和复原力：2中期和长期研究：评估以往的地震反应、风险评估和减灾（备灾）3社区参与和参与：对地方验证、支持和知识整合至关重要。社区的遗产评估和保护：自下而上的视角赋予地方机构权力。4通过机构伙伴关系的适用性：将学术界、当地非政府组织和政府机构联系起来的总体结构，以具体的技术技能和当地能力建设支持方法的实施。2001年发生7.7兆瓦级地震后，采取了业主驱动的办法，由政府提供财政支持，地方当局和非政府组织提供技术支持，以修复建筑物。然而，结果的质量并不总是足以满足特定类型的施工，施工质量差或不完全。如果拟议的方法得到实施，这些进程可以得到加强和扩大，以惠及更多的家庭。在与政府机构接触和接触地方当局方面取得了进展。然而，需要进一步研究并将在本项目中解决的差距是关于影响和适用性。基于所开发的方法，我们将在三个层面上产生影响：1）机构：通过与地方当局制定灾害风险管理计划和震后行动; 2）技术支持：通过开发和应用示例修复解决方案; 3）学术：通过技术支持，出版物和演示。这将与我们在印度的项目伙伴合作完成，其中每个机构将在每个级别发挥具体的领导作用。