SOCIAL INTERACTION IN OLD AGE

老年时的社交互动

• 批准号: 2050417
• 负责人: LAURA L CARSTENSEN
• 金额: $ 18.09万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-09-01 至 1995-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2050417
• 关键词: age difference; aging; cognition; health; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); human subject; interpersonal relations; interview; mood disorders; preference; social behavior; social behavior disorders; social perception; videotape /videodisc; young adult human (21-34)

A growing body of research in gerontology links social interaction in old age to multiple indicators of psychological well-being and physical health. As a whole this research provides compelling evidence for the contention that social relationships are fundamental to the well-being of an aging population. Findings from recent studies of older adults, however, prompt reconsideration of the notion that social interaction is uniformly positive. In this application, I propose a model of socioemotional aging that assumes that social interaction in old age differs from social interaction earlier in life; and, further, that age differences are accounted for by both psychological differences in older adults and interpersonal changes that can function to limit affective gain derived from social interaction. In this application, a four year program of research is described aimed at the identification of the costs and the benefits -- both social and emotional -- of social interaction for the older person and his or her social partners. Four studies are proposed that collectively employ multiple research methods, including interviews with older and younger subjects about their preferences for and selection of social partners; videotaped emotion induction procedures with an examination age-differences in the duration and intensity of expressed emotion and ratings of emotion expression as perceived by others; direct observation of same-aged and mixed-aged dyadic interaction in the laboratory; and time-sampling of activities and affect in naturalistic settings. Despite continued disagreement about the meaning of lowered rates of social interaction common in old age, the basic finding of an ontogenetic reduction in rates of interaction remains undisputed. As we face a rapidly aging population, it is more essential than ever to understand the meaning and the mechanisms responsible for these reductions.

越来越多的老年学研究将老年人的社会交往与 年龄与心理健康和身体健康的多个指标有关。 总的来说，这项研究为这一论点提供了令人信服的证据。 社会关系对老年人的健康至关重要 人口 然而，最近对老年人的研究结果提示， 重新思考社会互动是一致的概念， 肯定的：第 在这个应用中，我提出了一个社会情绪老化模型 它假设老年人的社会交往不同于 年龄的差异，以及年龄的差异， 老年人的心理差异和 人际关系的变化，可以发挥作用，以限制情感增益 来自社交互动。 在这项申请中，一个为期四年的计划， 研究的目的是确定成本和 社会互动的好处-社会的和情感的- 老年人及其社会伙伴。 提出了四项研究 他们采用多种研究方法，包括访谈， 年龄较大和较年轻的受试者关于他们的偏好和选择 的社会合作伙伴;录像的情绪诱导程序， 考试的时间和强度的差异 情绪和情绪表达的等级，如他人所感知的;直接的 同龄和混合年龄的双元交互作用的观察 实验室;和时间采样的活动和影响，在自然 设置. 尽管对降低的含义一直存在分歧， 社会互动率在老年人中很常见， 个体发育的相互作用率降低仍然是无可争议的。 正如我们 面对迅速老龄化的人口， 理解这些减少的含义和机制。