Good welfare good science: refinements and harmonisation of dog husbandry and procedures in the laboratory.

良好的福利良好的科学：狗饲养和实验室程序的改进和协调。

• 批准号: BB/H015787/1
• 金额: $ 9.59万
• 依托单位: University of Stirling
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Training Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH015787%2F1
• 关键词: Good; welfare; good; science; refinements

Dogs have special protection under the A(SP)A 1986; given their capacity to suffer it is critical that their welfare is maximized, and that the most reliable and valid scientific results are achieved from their use. Despite ethical and welfare concerns of dog use, housing and husbandry practices are often advocated without a sound scientific understanding of their implications. A recent report on dog Refinement (JWGR, 2004) concluded that more research was needed to understand what constitutes optimal dog housing. The Refinement R should be applied to the life-to-death experience of animals associated with research and testing, both outside the scientific procedure (i.e. husbandry and housing etc) and as a consequence of the procedure (Buchanan-Smith et al 2005), and assessment of costs for cost benefit analyses should include 'contingent harms such as those caused in animal breeding' (APC, 2003, p 40). Whilst the link between good welfare and good science is often made we lack good evidence. This project will address this gap in our scientific understanding, and has the potential to have far-reaching implications for the quality of the lives and number of dogs used in laboratories, as well as scientific and financial implications. The aims of this project are: 1) To examine the relationship between good welfare and good science in dogs used in laboratories. Being able to recognise when dog welfare is affected both positively and negatively by planned Refinements in their care, handling and restraint or by procedures is fundamental. We shall use a multi-disciplinary approach to welfare assessment by linking behavioural, physical and physiological measures of welfare. The data will be related to the quality of the scientific output at baseline, in relation to validity, reliability and repeatability of physiological data. 2) Using the framework developed in (1) we shall experimentally manipulate variables (e.g. improved socialisation, changes in habituation, restraint etc) suggested to impact positively on welfare and/or quality of results to Refine practice. Any proposed changes must be feasible and practical with the constraints of laboratory use. 3) Based upon the outcomes of (1) and (2), which will determine the degree of variability in dogs at the Alderley Park site and how dogs respond to Refinements, we plan to compare two AZ dog breeding/experimental sites (Alderley Park & Lund, Sweden) to look at the consistency and reliability of data between sites in relation to existing variations in housing, husbandry, socialisation, habituation etc. AZ has a Bioethics Policy which sets out principles for the use of animals in research and is working toward the adoption of global standards for the use, housing and care of primates, based on the principles of Revised Appendix A of the European Convention. This project will provide an evidence based approach for validation of current standards in dogs, and ongoing development of these standards. Methods: Initial data will be collected on a range of welfare indicators (including growth rates, adult body weight fluctuations, facial expression, posture and type of movement, vocalizations), response to temperament tests (novel object, stranger) and in relation to rearing, housing (size and complexity, group size) and husbandry factors. A battery of baseline physiological measures (e.g. ECG, blood pressure, haematological parameters) will be correlated with behavioural welfare indicators to provide an integrated account of welfare. The results will inform the future direction of the project and any manipulations designed to improve welfare and science will be developed with scientists, veterinarians and care staff. Beagle dogs are the preferred choice of non-rodent model for testing (>4000 were used in scientific procedures in the UK in 2008). Therefore this project has broad application and scope for dog welfare and the quality of the scientific output worldwide.

根据1986年的A（SP）A，狗受到特殊保护;鉴于它们的痛苦能力，它们的福利最大化至关重要，并且从它们的使用中获得最可靠和有效的科学结果。尽管使用狗的道德和福利问题，住房和畜牧业的做法往往提倡没有一个健全的科学理解其影响。最近的一份关于狗的改进的报告（JWGR，2004）得出结论，需要更多的研究来了解什么是最佳的狗舍。细化R应适用于与研究和试验相关的动物的生死经历，无论是在科学程序之外（即饲养和圈养等），还是作为程序的结果（Buchanan-Smith等人，2005年），成本效益分析的成本评估应包括“或有损害，如动物饲养中造成的损害”（APC，2003年，第40页）。虽然良好的福利和良好的科学之间的联系往往是我们缺乏良好的证据。该项目将解决我们科学理解中的这一差距，并有可能对实验室中使用的狗的生活质量和数量以及科学和财政影响产生深远的影响。本项目的目的是：1）研究在实验室使用的狗的良好福利和良好的科学之间的关系。能够认识到狗的福利是积极和消极的影响时，有计划的改进，在他们的照顾，处理和约束或程序是至关重要的。我们将采用多学科方法进行福利评估，将行为、身体和生理方面的福利措施联系起来。数据将与基线科学产出的质量有关，涉及生理数据的有效性、可靠性和可重复性。2)使用（1）中开发的框架，我们将实验性地操纵变量（例如，改善的社会化，习惯化的变化，约束等），这些变量被建议对福利和/或结果质量产生积极影响，以改进实践。任何拟议的变更必须在实验室使用的限制下可行和实用。3)根据（1）和（2）的结果，这将确定阿尔德利公园场地犬的变异程度以及犬对改良的反应，我们计划比较两个AZ犬育种/实验场地（瑞典阿尔德利公园和隆德），以查看与住房、畜牧业、社会化、亚利桑那州有一项生物伦理政策，规定了在研究中使用动物的原则，并正在努力根据《欧洲公约》修订附录A的原则，采用灵长类动物使用、饲养和护理的全球标准。该项目将提供一种基于证据的方法，用于验证犬的现行标准，并持续开发这些标准。研究方法：将收集关于一系列福利指标（包括生长率、成年体重波动、面部表情、姿势和运动类型、发声）、对气质测试（新物体、陌生人）的反应以及与饲养、住房（规模和复杂性、群体规模）和饲养因素有关的初始数据。一系列基线生理指标（如心电图、血压、血液学参数）将与行为福利指标相关联，以提供一个综合的福利账户。结果将为该项目的未来方向提供信息，任何旨在改善福利和科学的操作都将与科学家、兽医和护理人员一起开发。比格犬是用于测试的非啮齿动物模型的首选（2008年英国在科学程序中使用了>4000只）。因此，该项目具有广泛的应用和范围，为狗的福利和世界范围内的科学产出的质量。