REACTIONS TO TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE IN AIDS

艾滋病患者对甲氧苄氨嘧啶-磺胺甲恶唑的反应

• 批准号: 3138196
• 负责人: CAROL ELLIOT O'NEIL
• 金额: $ 17.97万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-08-01 至 1991-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3138196
• 关键词: AIDS; AIDS therapy; allergens; antiAIDS agent; antigen presentation; antiprotozoal agents; binding proteins; combination chemotherapy; dapsone; delayed hypersensitivity; drug adverse effect; drug hypersensitivity; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; haptens; histamine; human subject; humoral immunity; immunochemistry; immunodeficiency; immunoglobulin E; interleukin 1; interleukin 2; laboratory rabbit; laboratory rat; leukocyte activation /transformation; microorganism disease chemotherapy; opportunistic infections; pyrimethamine; radioimmunoassay; receptor; serum albumin; sulfamethoxazole; sulfanilamides; trimethoprim

Individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently suffer from opportunistic viral, microbial, fungal, and protozoan infections. The treatment of choice for opportunistic protozoan infections commonly includes sulfonamide drugs, and especially the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. AIDS patients, despite their severely depressed Immune function, frequently experience adverse reactions to sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim, which are highly suggestive of hypersensitivity; symptoms include worsening of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, diffuse skin rash, persistent fever, and occasionally shock. This study will evaluate whether specific humoral and cellular hyperreactivity to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and related anti-protozoan drugs are major causes of these adverse reactions. Studies will include evaluation of Type I, II, and III hypersensitivity (measurement of class specific antibodies to several sulfonamides; pyrimidines; the sulfone, dapsone; and combinations of these drugs) and of Type IV cell mediated hypersensitivity (the ability of these drugs and their metabolites to induce lymphocyte proliferation). Immunologic and non- immunologic basophil degranulation by sulfonamide-trimethoprim drugs will also be evaluated. Findings from these studies will not only provide important information regarding the nature of adverse reactions to drugs essential to the prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections, such as pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients, but also for treatment of many protozoan infections, including malaria, in immunocompetent normals. In addition, the results will provide a better understanding of altered immune responses in AIDS patients.

获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）患者 经常遭受机会性病毒，微生物，真菌， 原生动物感染 机会主义的治疗选择 原生动物感染通常包括磺胺类药物， 特别是磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶的组合。 艾滋病患者，尽管他们的免疫功能严重低下， 经常对磺胺甲恶唑产生不良反应， 甲氧苄氨嘧啶，高度提示过敏; 症状包括中性粒细胞减少症恶化， 血小板减少症、弥漫性皮疹、持续发热，以及 偶尔震惊。 这项研究将评估是否特异性体液和细胞 对磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶和相关 抗原生动物药物是这些不良反应的主要原因。 研究将包括I型、II型和III型的评价 超敏反应（类特异性抗体的测量， 几种磺酰胺;嘧啶;砜，氨苯砜;和 这些药物的组合）和IV型细胞介导的 超敏反应（这些药物及其代谢产物 以诱导淋巴细胞增殖）。 免疫和非免疫 磺胺甲氧苄氨嘧啶免疫嗜碱性粒细胞脱颗粒 还将对药物进行评估。 这些研究结果不仅提供了重要的 关于药物不良反应性质的信息 对预防和治疗机会性 感染，如卡氏肺孢子虫和艾滋病中的弓形虫病 患者，而且还用于治疗许多原生动物感染， 包括疟疾，在免疫正常的人中。 此外该 结果将提供一个更好的理解改变免疫 艾滋病患者的反应。