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Integrating microbiology and modelling to determine the source of Campylobacter infection in the broiler house and develop interventions

整合微生物学和建模来确定肉鸡舍中弯曲杆菌感染的来源并制定干预措施

基本信息

批准号：
BB/I024577/1
负责人：
Nick Sparks
金额：
$ 3.67万
依托单位：
Scotland's Rural College
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI024577%2F1
关键词：
Integrating microbiology modelling determine source

项目摘要

Campylobacter is the largest cause of recognised bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. The 2009 reporting rates for Great Britain show more than 64 000 cases, an increase of 30% in Scotland and 14% in England & Wales on the previous year, that has continued into 2010. Because there is substantial under-reporting of campylobacteriosis, the actual number of cases in 2009 is likely to be closer to 450 000. Further, about 10% of reported cases are hospitalised. This rise is all the more disappointing because rates of infection with Campylobacter had been falling between 2000 and 2005. Molecular strain typing, by us and others, has identified that poultry is significantly the most important source of this infection with the most common types found in human beings also being the most common in chickens. Studies on retail poultry show a prevalence of Campylobacter in this meat of over 65% with the main routes of infection being eating improperly cooked meat or cross-contamination to uncooked foods. To reduce this burden of human disease, action must be taken to reduce Campylobacter loads in poultry and The Food Standards Agency, Defra and BBSRC have all identified this as a major priority. The FSA is considering targets for the reduction in levels of Campylobacter in raw chicken at retail, to be achieved by April 2015. The target will be set and achieved through stakeholder engagement and partnership working. Interventions in the poultry industry abroad have resulted in dramatic decreases in human infection rates. For example, in Iceland where freezing of positive carcasses is used, in New Zealand where interventions and regulations were introduced and in the USA where improved hygiene and the use of chlorine washes for carcasses has been implemented. However, UK industry has largely been unable to achieve reductions. Although strategies such as poultry vaccination are attractive in the longer term, more immediately it will be through informed biosecurity interventions on broiler farms that control is likely to be most readily achieved. Indeed UK producers widely recognise that where robust biosecurity remains unbreached, as for the valuable (grand)parent birds that are used to produce the eggs that hatch into broilers, then Campylobacter colonisation is uncommon. It is in the high throughput broiler production that colonisation regularly occurs and where novel biosecurity controls, as proposed here, could play an important role. Our previous studies of the sources of Campylobacter infection in humans not only identified the principal source as broiler chickens, it also identified that the distribution of Campylobacter strains found in humans and in the reservoirs of chicken, cattle, sheep, wild birds, pigs etc, were quite distinct with some strains common to several hosts. This proposal seeks to better understand the relative importance of the potential sources of Campylobacter in broilers by using a modelling approach. The hypothesis is that some Campylobacter strains and some Campylobacter reservoirs are much more important than others in this process and that it is only by quantitating their relative importance and their interaction with each other that it will be possible to robustly identify the sources of Campylobacter in the broiler house and hence introduce effective measures to prevent the colonisation of these birds during production. The findings will enable policy to be developed (e.g. code of practice) to define which control measures are most effective in keeping broiler houses Campylobacter free. This will strongly influence industry through improved farming practice.

弯曲杆菌是发达国家公认的细菌性胃肠炎的最大病因。英国 2009 年的报告率显示超过 64 000 例病例，苏格兰比上一年增加了 30%，英格兰和威尔士增加了 14%，这种情况一直持续到 2010 年。由于弯曲菌病的报告严重不足，2009 年的实际病例数可能接近 450 000 例。此外，约 10% 的报告病例住院治疗。这种上升更加令人失望，因为弯曲杆菌的感染率在 2000 年至 2005 年间一直在下降。我们和其他人进行的分子菌株分型表明，家禽是这种感染的最重要来源，其中在人类中最常见的类型在鸡中也最常见。对零售家禽的研究表明，这种肉类中弯曲杆菌的患病率超过 65%，主要感染途径是食用未煮熟的肉类或与未煮熟的食品交叉污染。为了减轻人类疾病的负担，必须采取行动减少家禽中的弯曲杆菌含量，食品标准局、Defra 和 BBSRC 均已将其确定为主要优先事项。 FSA 正在考虑在 2015 年 4 月之前实现降低零售生鸡肉中弯曲杆菌水平的目标。该目标将通过利益相关者的参与和合作来制定和实现。国外对家禽业的干预已导致人类感染率急剧下降。例如，在冰岛，采用了冷冻阳性屠体的方式；在新西兰，引入了干预措施和法规；在美国，改善了卫生状况，并使用氯清洗屠体。然而，英国工业界基本上无法实现减排。尽管从长远来看，家禽疫苗接种等策略很有吸引力，但更直接的是，通过对肉鸡场进行知情的生物安全干预措施，可能最容易实现控制。事实上，英国生产商普遍认识到，在健全的生物安全尚未受到破坏的情况下，对于用于生产孵化成肉鸡的鸡蛋的有价值的（祖）亲代鸟类来说，弯曲杆菌的定植并不常见。在高通量肉鸡生产中，定植经常发生，本文提出的新型生物安全控制措施可以发挥重要作用。我们前期对人类弯曲杆菌感染来源的研究不仅确定了肉鸡的主要来源，而且还发现在人类以及鸡、牛、羊、野鸟、猪等宿主中发现的弯曲杆菌菌株分布明显不同，有些菌株是多种宿主共有的。该提案旨在通过使用建模方法更好地了解肉鸡中弯曲杆菌潜在来源的相对重要性。假设在这个过程中，一些弯曲杆菌菌株和一些弯曲杆菌储存库比其他弯曲杆菌菌株重要得多，并且只有通过量化它们的相对重要性以及它们之间的相互作用，才有可能可靠地识别肉鸡舍中弯曲杆菌的来源，从而采取有效措施来防止这些禽类在生产过程中定植。研究结果将使政策得以制定（例如操作守则），以确定哪些控制措施对于保持肉鸡舍内没有弯曲杆菌最有效。这将通过改进农业实践对工业产生重大影响。