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Enhancing leaf transient carbon stores - role of fumarate as a possible storage compound

增强叶片瞬时碳储存——富马酸盐作为可能的储存化合物的作用

基本信息

批准号：
BB/J004103/1
负责人：
Giles Johnson
金额：
$ 44.93万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ004103%2F1
关键词：
Enhancing leaf transient carbon stores

项目摘要

Human society finds itself facing a great challenge. Populations around the world have grown massively over the last century and are set to continue growing well into the next. Rising standards of living in countries like China and India and increases in production of biofuels are further increasing demand. This growing demand, combined with crop failures possibly linked to global climate change, have resulted in food prices rising substantially in recent years. It is estimated that food production needs to increase by 50% by the middle of this century to keep pace with demand.Photosynthesis is the process by which plants absorb light and use the energy to make sugars. This process forms the basis of life on this planet - all the food we eat originally comes from photosynthesis. An obvious way to increase the productivity of plants is to increase their photosynthetic capacity. Plants are however already very good at capturing light, so if we wish to improve photosynthesis we need to identify where the limiting steps in this process are. During the day, as the plant makes sugars, the concentration of these rise in the leaf. If the concentration of sugars becomes too high, this can slow down or stop photosynthesis. To overcome this effect, plants can convert sugars into different substances, in particular starch. Starch is relatively unreactive and does not inhibit photosynthesis. The rate at which starch can accumulate and the amount that the leaf can hold is currently metabolically limited. So, if a plant does more photosynthesis, starch accumulation cannot keep up and sugar concentrations will increase and photosynthesis will then become inhibited.Work in a weed called Thale Cress has identified, in addition to starch, a novel storage compound fumaric acid. Fumaric acid is a natural substance, found in all organisms including humans. It is widely used as a food additive to control the acidity of food and drink products. Although all plants contain fumaric acid, only a few are able to store high concentrations. In most crop species, only low amounts are found. If we could breed crops that, in addition to starch, are able to store fumaric acid in their leaves, , we may be able to increase plants' ability to carry out photosynthesis. The aim of this project is to test this idea and see whether it leads to an increase in the plants overall growth. The results obtained will be used to direct future plant breeding strategies in crops and with future development will play an important role in feeding the world's population.

人类社会面临着巨大的挑战。世界各地的人口在上个世纪大幅增长，并将在下个世纪继续增长。中国和印度等国生活水平的提高，以及生物燃料产量的增加，正在进一步增加需求。这种不断增长的需求，加上可能与全球气候变化有关的作物歉收，导致近年来粮食价格大幅上涨。据估计，到本世纪中叶，粮食产量需要增加50%才能跟上需求的步伐。光合作用是植物吸收光线并利用能量制造糖的过程。这一过程构成了地球上生命的基础--我们所吃的所有食物最初都来自光合作用。提高植物生产力的一个明显的方法是提高它们的光合作用能力。然而，植物已经非常善于捕捉光线，所以如果我们想要改善光合作用，我们需要确定这一过程中的限制步骤在哪里。白天，当植物制造糖时，叶中糖的浓度就会上升。如果糖的浓度变得太高，这会减缓或停止光合作用。为了克服这种影响，植物可以将糖转化为不同的物质，特别是淀粉。淀粉相对不活跃，不会抑制光合作用。淀粉的积累速度和叶片可以容纳的数量目前受到新陈代谢的限制。因此，如果植物进行更多的光合作用，淀粉的积累就会跟不上，糖分浓度就会增加，光合作用就会受到抑制。对一种名为Thale Cress的杂草进行的研究发现，除了淀粉之外，还有一种新的储存化合物富马酸。富马酸是一种天然物质，存在于包括人类在内的所有生物体中。它被广泛用作控制食品和饮料产品酸度的食品添加剂。虽然所有的植物都含有富马酸，但只有少数植物能够储存高浓度的富马酸。在大多数作物物种中，只发现了少量的。如果我们能够培育出除了淀粉之外还能在叶片中储存富马酸的作物，我们或许能够提高植物进行光合作用的能力。这个项目的目的是测试这一想法，看看它是否会导致植物整体生长的增加。所获得的结果将用于指导未来作物的植物育种战略，并在未来的发展中将在养活世界人口方面发挥重要作用。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

A Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of plant metabolism reveals why cytosolic fumarase is required for temperature acclimation in Arabidopsis

植物代谢的失效模式和影响分析揭示了拟南芥温度驯化需要胞质延胡索酸酶的原因

DOI：
10.1101/2020.08.04.234591
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Herrmann H
通讯作者：
Herrmann H

Metabolic flux from the chloroplast provides signals controlling photosynthetic acclimation to cold in Arabidopsis thaliana.

来自叶绿体的代谢通量提供了控制拟南芥光合适应寒冷的信号。

DOI：
10.22541/au.159534893.31472268
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Herrmann H
通讯作者：
Herrmann H

Cytosolic fumarase acts as a metabolic fail-safe for both high and low temperature acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana

DOI：
10.1101/2021.04.19.440416
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
bioRxiv
影响因子：
0
作者：
Helena A. Herrmann;P. Calzadilla;J. Schwartz;G. Johnson
通讯作者：
Helena A. Herrmann;P. Calzadilla;J. Schwartz;G. Johnson

Acclimation of metabolism to light in Arabidopsis thaliana: the glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator GPT2 directs metabolic acclimation.

DOI：
10.1111/pce.12495
发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
Plant, cell & environment
影响因子：
0
作者：
Dyson BC;Allwood JW;Feil R;Xu Y;Miller M;Bowsher CG;Goodacre R;Lunn JE;Johnson GN
通讯作者：
Johnson GN

GPT2: a glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator with a novel role in the regulation of sugar signalling during seedling development.