MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING IN MALARIA INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES

恶性疟原虫对红细胞的侵袭产生一种 感染会导致结构、成分、 宿主细胞膜的抗原性和功能。在感染期间， 寄生虫主动地从血清中输入预留的营养物质并输出 脂类、蛋白质和膜进入红细胞胞浆和 红细胞膜。对这些途径的监管必须符合 控制寄生虫，因为成熟的红细胞有有限的脂肪合成或 新陈代谢能力，没有合成和合成 加工蛋白质。对贩运途径的阐明在 疟原虫感染的红细胞与其他真核细胞的比较，因为 寄生虫通过其质膜从血清中分离出来， 寄生虫液泡膜和红细胞膜。 长期以来，人们仍然觉得有必要确定这些细胞的成分 贩运途径，以更好地了解运输机制 在感染疟疾的红细胞中。探索摄取药物的途径 血清营养素，寄生虫管的来源将被确定。 我们问这个导管是裂殖子入侵的残留物还是形成于 生命周期的后期阶段。风管将通过串口可视化 用共聚焦荧光成像法切取感染红细胞 显微镜(CFIm)和透射电子显微镜。内部 管道的直径将使用大小的乳胶球来确定。至 确定管道是否是选择性的、内部化的 具有不同表面电荷的大分子将被考察。会的 确定风管是否为暂态结构。调查将会是 用来分离红细胞和寄生虫的内吞作用 内吞作用。探索寄生虫蛋白输出到人体的途径 红细胞膜上各种寄生虫的细胞分布 将检测寄生虫发育不同阶段的蛋白质。 将使用双标记CFIm来确定是否观察到活动的小泡 由CFIm在红细胞胞浆中携带寄生虫蛋白。这个 脂泡出现的时间和形态将 与获得的各种蛋白质的结果进行比较。双标签CFIm 将被用来确定蛋白质是被结构性交易还是 被分离成离散的小泡。中国古代文化的起源 膜/泡(即寄生虫质膜，PVM) 将对红细胞胞浆进行研究。从这些信息中收集到的信息 研究可能有助于设计新的化疗药物 战略、制剂和血液期疟疾疫苗的开发。

The invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum parasites produces an infection that causes major changes in the structure, composition, antigenicity and function of the host cell membrane. During infection, the parasite actively imports obligate nutrients from the serum and exports lipids, proteins and membranes to the erythrocyte cytoplasm and the erythrocyte membrane. The regulation of these pathways must be under parasite control since mature erythrocytes have limited lipid synthetic or metabolic capabilities and do not have the machinery to synthesize and process proteins. Elucidation of trafficking pathways is complex in Plasmodia-infected erythrocytes compared to other eukaryotic cells, since the parasite is separated from the serum by its plasma membrane, the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) and the erythrocyte membrane. There remains a long-felt need to identify the cellular components of these trafficking pathways to gain a better understanding of transport mechanisms in malaria-infected erythrocytes. To explore the pathway of uptake of serum nutrients, the origin of the parasitophorous duct will be determined. We ask whether the duct is a remnant of merozoite invasion or forms at a latter stage in the life cycle. The duct will be visualized by serial sectioning of infected erythrocytes by confocal fluorescence imaging microscopy (CFIM) and transmission electron microscopy. The internal diameter of the duct will be determined using sized latex spheres. To determine whether the duct is selective, the internalization of macromolecules having different surface charge will be examined. It will be determined if the duct is a transient structure. Investigations will be implemented to separate endocytosis by the erythrocyte from parasite endocytosis. To explore the pathways of parasite protein export to the erythrocyte membrane, the cellular distribution of a variety of parasite proteins at different stages of parasite development will be examined. Double label CFIM will be employed to determine if mobile vesicles observed by CFIM in the erythrocyte cytoplasm bear parasite proteins. The timecourse for the appearance of lipid vesicles and their morphology will be compared to that obtained for the various proteins. Double label CFIM will be used to determine whether proteins are trafficked constitutively or are segregated into discrete vesicles. The origin of the membranes/vesicles (i.e parasite plasma membrane, PVM) identified in the erythrocyte cytoplasm will be investigated. Information gleaned from these investigations may contribute to the design of new chemotherapeutic strategies and agents and development of a blood-stage malaria vaccine.