IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE ON MOSQUITO AND ARBOVIRUS ECOLOGY

温度对蚊子和虫媒病毒生态的影响

• 批准号: 3148022
• 负责人: JAMES L HARDY
• 金额: $ 23.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-08-01 至 1995-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3148022
• 关键词: Culicidae; Togaviridae; animal ecology; animal population genetics; animal population study; arthropod borne communicable disease; chickens; communicable disease transmission; epidemic encephalitis; field study; genetic polymorphism; host organism interaction; seasons; temperature; virus infection mechanism; western equine encephalitis

The long-term objective of our on-going and proposed research has been to stand mechanisms which govern the seasonality and persistence of mosquito-borne arboviruses at temperate latitudes. Temperature is believed to be the principal factor that impacts the transmission of arboviruses as it regulates the mosquito vector attributes of seasonal abundance, frequency of vertebrate host contact, duration of virus extrinsic incubation, susceptibility to virus infection and modulation of acquired virus infection. Thus, our proposed new field and laboratory investigations specifically will assess the impact of temperature on the ecology and genetics of Culex tarsalis Coquillett and its ability to transmit western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses in the irrigated desert valleys of California. The principal hypothesis addressed by the proposed research is that the 5 degrees C warmer mean annual temperature in the southeastern valleys of California has altered the genetics, ecology and vector competence of Cx. tarsalis sufficiently to allow persistent annual WEE and SLE virus activity, compared to the more northern and cooler San Joaquin Valley where the activity of these .viruses is now quite sporadic. This hypothesis will be tested by initiating new research with 4 specific aims: 1) determine if vector populations in the Coachella and San Joaquin Valleys differ in their tolerance and response to temperature during immature and adult stages; 2) elucidate physiological and behavioral mechanisms which allow vector populations in southeastern valleys to survive during both summer and winter conditions; 3) assess the impact of temperature on the vector's susceptibility to infection, duration of extrinsic incubation and modulation of WEE and SLE virus infections in field populations from the Coachella Valley; and 4) detect seasonal and spatial differences in the genetic structure of vector populations in the Coachella and San Joaquin Valleys. We believe our proposed studies address a major need for carefully designed field and laboratory experimentation to evaluate the importance of temperature as a major factor that controls vector and pathogen interrelationships.

我们正在进行的和拟议的研究的长期目标是 管理季节性和持久性的标准机制 温带地区蚊媒虫媒病毒。温度是 被认为是影响病毒传播的主要因素 虫媒病毒，因为它调节蚊子的季节性媒介属性 脊椎动物宿主接触的丰度、频率、病毒持续时间 外源性孵化、对病毒感染的易感性及其调控 获得性病毒感染。因此，我们提议的新领域和实验室 调查将具体评估温度对 塔氏库蚊的生态学、遗传学及其致死能力 传播西部马脑脊髓炎(WEE)和圣路易斯 加利福尼亚州灌溉沙漠山谷中的脑炎(SLE)病毒。 拟议的研究提出的主要假设是，5 加拿大东南部山谷的年平均气温升高摄氏度 加利福尼亚州已经改变了CX的遗传学、生态学和媒介能力。 酒石足以使一年一度的尿液和系统性红斑狼疮病毒 活动，与更北、更凉爽的圣华金山谷相比 在那里，这些病毒的活动现在相当零星。这 假设将通过启动新的研究来验证，该研究具有4个具体的 目标：1)确定科切拉和圣华金的病媒种群 山谷在耐受性和对温度的反应方面存在差异 未成熟阶段和成年阶段；2)阐明生理和行为 使东南部山谷中的媒介种群能够 在夏季和冬季条件下都能生存；3)评估 温度对媒介感染敏感性的影响，持续时间 鸡传染性支气管炎和系统性红斑狼疮病毒感染的外源性孵化和调控 来自科切拉山谷的野外种群；以及4)检测季节性和 我国媒介生物种群遗传结构的空间差异 科切拉和圣华金山谷。 我们相信，我们提议的研究解决了一个主要的需要，即 设计了现场和实验室实验以评估其重要性 温度是控制病媒和病原体的主要因素 相互关系。