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Development of a vaccine to control poultry red mite

开发控制家禽红螨的疫苗

基本信息

批准号：
BB/J01513X/1
负责人：
Alasdair Nisbet
金额：
$ 51.3万
依托单位：
Moredun Research Institute
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ01513X%2F1
关键词：
Development vaccine control poultry red

项目摘要

Infestation of hen houses with the poultry red mite (PRM) costs the poultry industry an estimated 130 million euros per annum in the EU (approximately 0.43 euros per hen). The mites live, off-host, in inaccessible areas of the cages during daylight and emerge during darkness to feed on the hens, biting through the skin to feed on blood. Infestation of production facilities with this parasite therefore has important animal welfare implications including anaemia, increased irritation and restlessness, feather-pecking and an increased incidence of cannibalism. These behaviours have a considerable negative impact on productivity. Poultry red mites have also been implicated as carriers for a number of important avian diseases and have recently been recommended to be listed as an occupational hazard for poultry workers on the basis of their allergenicity. Until recently, PRM infestation has been controlled with the use of pesticide sprays in hen houses during the period that the houses are not populated (i.e. before the introduction of new birds at the start of a laying cycle). Controlling mite populations is now a major problem, with most pesticides affording only limited or short-lived reduction in the population of mites. Also, because of concerns over safety and environmental contamination, many of the currently effective pesticides have been withdrawn from use and the emergence of resistance to the remaining compounds has exacerbated these problems with mite control. Vaccination offers a safe, effective alternative to chemical treatments. It is now recognised that vaccines to blood-feeding parasites can result in effective and sustainable control and our previous work has clearly established that vaccination against PRM is feasible and deliverable. A commercially viable vaccine against PRM should contain one highly effective synthetic version of a mite protein ("antigen") or, less ideally, a cocktail incorporating a small number of such proteins. Previous studies at Moredun have shown that vaccination of laying hens with extracts of PRMs can induce mortality in mites feeding on the blood of vaccinated hens and control mite numbers. These studies have shown that: i) Antibodies to mite antigens in the blood can cause significant mite mortality, and this effect (mortality) occurs within 24 hours, and ii) a similar effect can be achieved with recombinant proteins which are easier to produce consistently and hence lend themselves to large scale production. The overall objectives of the proposed work are therefore: 1) To identify protective immunogenic sub-fractions of the PRM extract; 2) To identify the immunogenic antigen(s) in these sub-fractions by combined immunoblotting and proteomic analyses; 3) To produce a sub-set of these immunogenic proteins as recombinant proteins and raise antibodies against these recombinants in hens; 4) To test these antibodies for mite mortality and/or developmental effects in our lab-based feeding system; 5) To select the most potent recombinant antigens from this screen to test in combination, in a field vaccine trial.If successful, this project will deliver the first recombinant vaccine to be developed against an ectoparasite with a worldwide distribution and, therefore, market. We will use innovative technologies, coupling Moredun's unique PRM genomic data and specialist protein analysis facilities to identify the protective antigens, produce them in recombinant systems and deliver them to the birds in the context of the most effective vaccinology that our industry partner can supply.

在欧盟，鸡舍感染家禽红螨（PRM）每年给家禽业造成的损失估计为1.3亿欧元（每只母鸡约0.43欧元）。螨虫在白天离开宿主生活在笼子里难以接近的区域，在黑暗中出现以母鸡为食，咬穿皮肤以血液为食。因此，这种寄生虫在生产设施中的侵染对动物福利有重要影响，包括贫血、刺激和不安增加、啄羽毛和同类相食的发生率增加。这些行为对生产力有相当大的负面影响。家禽红螨也被认为是许多重要禽类疾病的携带者，最近根据其过敏性，建议将其列为家禽工人的职业危害。直到最近，在鸡舍无人居住期间（即产蛋周期开始时引入新鸟类之前），通过在鸡舍中使用杀虫剂喷雾来控制PRM感染。控制螨的数量是目前的一个主要问题，大多数杀虫剂只能有限地或短暂地减少螨的数量。此外，由于对安全性和环境污染的担忧，许多目前有效的杀虫剂已停止使用，并且对剩余化合物的抗性的出现加剧了螨控制的这些问题。接种疫苗是化学治疗的一种安全、有效的替代方法。现在人们认识到，针对吸血寄生虫的疫苗可以实现有效和可持续的控制，我们以前的工作已经清楚地表明，针对PRM的疫苗接种是可行和可交付的。针对PRM的商业上可行的疫苗应含有一种高度有效的螨蛋白（“抗原”）的合成形式，或者不太理想地，含有少量此类蛋白的混合物。Moredun先前的研究表明，用PRM提取物接种蛋鸡可诱导以接种母鸡血液为食的螨死亡并控制螨数量。这些研究表明：i）血液中针对螨抗原的抗体可导致显著的螨死亡率，并且这种效应（死亡率）在24小时内发生，和ii）用重组蛋白可实现类似的效应，所述重组蛋白更容易一致地产生，因此适合于大规模生产。因此，所提出的工作的总体目标是：1）鉴定PRM提取物的保护性免疫原性亚级分; 2）通过联合免疫印迹和蛋白质组学分析鉴定这些亚级分中的免疫原性抗原; 3）产生这些免疫原性蛋白质的子集作为重组蛋白质并在母鸡中产生针对这些重组体的抗体; 4）在我们的实验室饲养系统中测试这些抗体对螨死亡率和/或发育的影响; 5）从该筛选中选择最有效的重组抗原以在田间疫苗试验中组合测试。如果成功，该项目将提供第一个针对体外寄生虫开发的重组疫苗，并在全球范围内销售，从而进入市场。我们将使用创新技术，结合Moredun独特的PRM基因组数据和专业的蛋白质分析设施，以识别保护性抗原，在重组系统中生产它们，并在我们的行业合作伙伴可以提供的最有效的疫苗学背景下将它们提供给鸟类。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Field evaluation of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) native and recombinant prototype vaccines.

DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.020
发表时间：
2017-09-15
期刊：
Veterinary parasitology
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Bartley K;Turnbull F;Wright HW;Huntley JF;Palarea-Albaladejo J;Nath M;Nisbet AJ
通讯作者：
Nisbet AJ

Poultry red mite detoxifying enzymes: glutathione S transferase

家禽红螨解毒酶：谷胱甘肽S转移酶