Understanding the role of lipases in controlling seed storage oil composition

了解脂肪酶在控制种子储存油成分中的作用

• 批准号: BB/K002147/1
• 负责人: Peter Eastmond
• 金额: $ 69.17万
• 依托单位: Rothamsted Research
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FK002147%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; role; lipases; controlling; seed

Vegetable oils (triacylglycerols) are an important source of human nutrition and also serve as a versatile feedstock for the chemical industry; in many cases providing a sustainable substitute for petrochemicals. The properties of these oils determine their use and are dependent on the types of fatty acids that are attached at each of the three positions on the glycerol backbone. It has long been a goal of scientist to create crops producing 'designer' oils that are tailored for specific applications. Substantial progress has been made in understanding how different fatty acids are made but a lack of knowledge concerning how they can be incorporated efficiently into oil is currently proving a barrier to the commercial realization of many designer oilseed crops. Investigation of how fatty acids are assembled into oil has revealed that the process is complex in plants and, in addition to the substrate specificity of the enzymes that attach each fatty acid, various editing mechanism exist that also help determine which fatty acids are incorporated and which are not. Lipases are one family of enzymes that have been proposed to play a role in this editing/remodeling but none have been characterized. We have therefore used a genetic screen to identify at least two lipase mutants that are altered in the fatty acid composition of their seed oil. The objective of this research is to understand how these lipases control fatty acid composition of oil, to discover whether others can be found, and also to determine if they contribute to the barriers that limit the accumulation of two high-value 'unusual' fatty acids in a designer oilseed crop.

植物油（三酰基甘油）是人类营养的重要来源，也是化学工业的通用原料；在许多情况下，提供了石化产品的可持续替代品。这些油的性质决定了它们的用途，并且取决于附着在甘油主链上三个位置上的脂肪酸的类型。长期以来，科学家们的目标一直是创造出能够生产为特定用途量身定制的“设计师”油的作物。在了解不同的脂肪酸是如何产生的方面已经取得了实质性的进展，但是缺乏关于如何将它们有效地结合到油中的知识，这是目前许多设计油籽作物商业化实现的障碍。对脂肪酸如何组装成油的研究表明，这一过程在植物中是复杂的，除了附着每种脂肪酸的酶的底物特异性外，存在各种编辑机制，也有助于确定哪些脂肪酸被整合，哪些不被整合。脂肪酶是一个被提出在这种编辑/重塑中发挥作用的酶家族，但没有一个被描述。因此，我们使用基因筛选来确定至少两种脂肪酶突变体，这些突变体在其种子油的脂肪酸组成中发生了改变。本研究的目的是了解这些脂肪酶如何控制油的脂肪酸组成，发现是否可以找到其他的脂肪酶，并确定它们是否有助于限制设计油籽作物中两种高价值“不寻常”脂肪酸的积累。

项目成果

Arabidopsis uses two gluconeogenic gateways for organic acids to fuel seedling establishment.

• DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7659
• 发表时间: 2015-04-10
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Eastmond, Peter J.;Astley, Holly M.;Parsley, Kate;Aubry, Sylvain;Williams, Ben P.;Menard, Guillaume N.;Craddock, Christian P.;Nunes-Nesi, Adriano;Fernie, Alisdair R.;Hibberd, Julian M.
• 通讯作者: Hibberd, Julian M.

Seed Storage Reserve Analysis.

种子储存储备分析。

• DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1263
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Bio-protocol
• 影响因子: 0.8
• 作者: Van Erp H

Fatty acids in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are synthesized by the host plant

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aan0081
• 发表时间: 2017-06-16
• 期刊: SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Luginbuehl, Leonie H.;Menard, Guillaume N.;Eastmond, Peter J.
• 通讯作者: Eastmond, Peter J.

Biomass oil crops: more than a pipe dream?

生物质油料作物：不仅仅是一个白日梦？

• DOI: 10.4155/bfs.13.77
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Biofuels
• 作者: Eastmond P

Natural variation in acyl editing is a determinant of seed storage oil composition.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35136-6
• 发表时间: 2018-11-26
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Menard GN;Bryant FM;Kelly AA;Craddock CP;Lavagi I;Hassani-Pak K;Kurup S;Eastmond PJ
• 通讯作者: Eastmond PJ