Understanding the mechanism of lipolysis in plants: an opportunity to increase oil yield in crops

了解植物脂肪分解机制：提高作物油产量的机会

• 批准号: BB/E022197/1
• 负责人: Peter Eastmond
• 金额: $ 47.5万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FE022197%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; mechanism; lipolysis; plants; opportunity

Oil from seeds forms a major source of nutrition for humans and livestock. It also has many important industrial uses, among them providing an increasingly relevant source of renewable energy (bio-diesel). The rate of oil accumulation in developing seeds is governed predominantly by biosynthesis. However, a number of studies have reported that a significant amount of oil is also turned over during seed development. Blocking this turnover could potentially elevate oil levels by between 5 and 25%, depending on the species and growth conditions. Controlling oil breakdown in seeds requires knowledge of the molecular mechanism, which until recently was completely lacking. This process also occurs after seed germination where it plays a fundamentally important role in providing energy for early seedling growth. I have gained a new insight into the mechanism of oil breakdown by isolating mutants in the model oilseed plant Arabidopsis that are impaired in post-germinative growth. I have discovered that one of these mutants, called sugar-dependent1, has a defect in the enzyme triacylglycerol hydrolase, which catalyses the first step in oil breakdown. The rate of oil breakdown is dramatically slowed in this mutant and as a consequence the developing seeds accumulate significantly more oil. The goals of this proposal are (i) To study how SDP1 is regulated and establish whether oil breakdown can be inhibited during seed development and not following germination. This would allow oil yield to be enhanced with the minimum impact on seedling vigour. (ii) To identify additional structural and regulatory proteins that function with SDP1 to govern the rate of oil breakdown. Disruption of these proteins will be used to block oil breakdown completely and thereby maximize oil accumulation. (iii) To investigate the role of SDP1 in the crop species oilseed rape and determine if oil yield can also be increased by impairing oil turnover. Addressing these objectives will contribute greatly to our fundamental knowledge of the mechanism and regulation of lipolysis, which is major metabolic process that is essential for the life cycle of many plants. The work could also lead to the development of crop plants with a higher oil yield.

从种子中提取的油是人类和牲畜的主要营养来源。它也有许多重要的工业用途，其中包括提供越来越相关的可再生能源（生物柴油）。发育中的种子中油的积累速率主要受生物合成的控制。然而，许多研究报告说，在种子发育过程中也有大量的油被转化。阻止这种周转可能会使油含量增加5%至25%，具体取决于物种和生长条件。控制种子中的油分解需要分子机制的知识，直到最近才完全缺乏。这一过程也发生在种子萌发后，在为早期幼苗生长提供能量方面起着至关重要的作用。我已经获得了一个新的见解油分解的机制，通过分离突变体的模式油菜植物拟南芥，在发芽后生长受损。我发现其中一种突变体，称为糖依赖型1，在催化油分解的第一步的三酰甘油水解酶中有缺陷。在这种突变体中，油分解的速率显著减慢，因此发育中的种子积累了显著更多的油。该提案的目标是（i）研究如何调节SDP1，并确定是否可以在种子发育期间而不是在萌发后抑制油分解。这将允许在对幼苗活力影响最小的情况下提高油产量。(ii)确定与SDP1一起起作用以控制油分解速率的其他结构和调节蛋白。这些蛋白质的破坏将用于完全阻止油分解，从而最大限度地增加油的积累。(iii)研究SDP1在作物油菜中的作用，并确定是否也可以通过损害油周转来增加油产量。解决这些目标将大大有助于我们的脂解，这是许多植物的生命周期中必不可少的主要代谢过程的机制和调节的基础知识。这项工作还可能导致开发出具有更高油产量的作物。

项目成果

Highlights of recent progress in plant lipid research.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.02.010
• 发表时间: 2009-06
• 期刊: Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
• 作者: René Lessire;Edgar B. Cahoon;Kent D. Chapman;John M. Dyer;P. Eastmond;E. Heinz

Natural variation in acyl editing is a determinant of seed storage oil composition.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35136-6
• 发表时间: 2018-11-26
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Menard GN;Bryant FM;Kelly AA;Craddock CP;Lavagi I;Hassani-Pak K;Kurup S;Eastmond PJ
• 通讯作者: Eastmond PJ