Change detection in complex acoustic scenes

复杂声学场景中的变化检测

• 批准号: BB/K003399/1
• 负责人: Maria Chait
• 金额: $ 61.3万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FK003399%2F1
• 关键词: Change; detection; complex; acoustic; scenes

The ability to detect changes around us, such as the appearance or disappearance of an object, has far-reaching implications for survival. These processes have received considerable attention in Vision research. In contrast, the processes by which listeners detect the appearance or disappearance of objects in busy acoustic scenes, comprised of many concurrent sources, remain poorly understood. This is surprising because often it is sound that alerts us to important changes in the scene: Hearing is sensitive to a much larger space than the other senses and in many cases we hear change before we see it (for example, somebody entering the room while your back is to the door; Sudden quiet from the kids' playroom indicating they are up to mischief..). Indeed, the auditory system is commonly assumed to play a key role in the brain's change-detection network by serving as an 'early warning device', rapidly directing attention to new events in the scene. The present project is classified as 'basic' research with the goal of understanding how listeners with normal hearing detect and process change-events (appearance or disappearance of sources) in auditory scenes. The behavioural and functional brain imaging experiments detailed here are designed to systematically explore listeners' change detection behavior, understand the relevant processes and identify their neural underpinnings: How are object appearance and disappearance events detected? What brain mechanisms are involved? Are change events detected automatically by the brain, even when listeners' attentional focus is elsewhere? What makes certain change events fundamentally more salient than others? Under what conditions do listeners perform well, and which situations result in reduced performance? In busy scenes, such as those we often face in the environment, behaviourally relevant scene changes often coincide in time with other events. How resilient are the auditory change detection mechanisms to irrelevant events occurring at the same time as the auditory change? Do auditory and visual perturbing events have the same detrimental effect on performance? These issues are important from the point of view of understanding perception and how the brain analyses and represents the dynamics of our surrounding environment. Furthermore, understanding what makes certain events pop out and grab attention, while other events go unnoticed is important for designing human-computer interfaces, and other devices intended to help professionals (operating room personnel, air traffic controllers, pilots, etc.) operate effectively in environments where the detection of change is critical. Additionally, since change detection is a major contributor to efficient interaction with the environment, understanding the profile of change detection in normal listeners can provide a measure against which to evaluate hearing impairment as well as the benefit obtained from hearing aids.

探测我们周围变化的能力，例如物体的出现或消失，对生存有着深远的影响。这些过程在视觉研究中受到了相当大的关注。相比之下，听众检测的过程中出现或消失的对象在忙碌繁忙的声学场景，包括许多并发源，仍然知之甚少。这是令人惊讶的，因为通常是声音提醒我们场景中的重要变化：听觉对比其他感官大得多的空间敏感，在许多情况下，我们在看到变化之前就听到了变化（例如，有人进入房间，而你的背对着门;孩子们的游戏室突然安静，表明他们正在恶作剧。事实上，听觉系统通常被认为在大脑的变化检测网络中发挥着关键作用，作为一种“早期预警装置”，迅速将注意力引导到场景中的新事件上。本项目被归类为“基础”研究，其目标是了解听力正常的听众如何检测和处理听觉场景中的变化事件（源的出现或消失）。这里详细介绍的行为和功能性脑成像实验旨在系统地探索听者的变化检测行为，了解相关过程并确定其神经基础：物体的出现和消失事件是如何被检测到的？这与哪些大脑机制有关？即使听众的注意力集中在别处，大脑也能自动检测到变化事件吗？是什么让某些变化事件比其他事件更显著？在哪些情况下听众表现良好，哪些情况会导致表现下降？在忙碌的场景中，例如我们经常在环境中面对的场景，行为相关的场景变化通常与其他事件在时间上一致。听觉变化检测机制对与听觉变化同时发生的不相关事件的弹性如何？听觉和视觉干扰事件对表现有同样的有害影响吗？从理解感知以及大脑如何分析和表示我们周围环境的动态的角度来看，这些问题很重要。此外，了解是什么导致某些事件突然出现并引起注意，而其他事件却被忽视，对于设计人机界面以及其他旨在帮助专业人员（手术室人员、空中交通管制员、飞行员等）的设备非常重要。在检测变化至关重要的环境中有效地运行。此外，由于变化检测是与环境的有效交互的主要贡献者，因此了解正常听众中的变化检测的概况可以提供评估听力损伤以及从助听器获得的益处的措施。

项目成果

How the brain discovers patterns in sound sequences

大脑如何发现声音序列的模式

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Chait M

Sensitivity to temporal regularity supports change detection in complex acoustic scenes

对时间规律的敏感性支持复杂声学场景中的变化检测

• 期刊: (submitted )
• 作者: Aman L

Sensitivity to temporal structure facilitates perceptual analysis of complex auditory scenes.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108111
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Hearing research
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Aman L;Picken S;Andreou LV;Chait M
• 通讯作者: Chait M

The effect of healthy aging on change detection and sensitivity to predictable sturcture in crowded acoustic scenes

健康老龄化对拥挤声学场景中变化检测和可预测结构敏感性的影响

• DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.05.935817
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: De Kerangal M

Pupillometry as an objective measure of listening effort and sustained attention in young and ageing populations

瞳孔测量作为年轻人和老年人口听力努力和持续注意力的客观衡量标准

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Bury G