SELF-HELP MODELS AND MATERIALS FOR SMOKING CESSATION

这项研究旨在开发更有效的自我改变 戒烟的模型和材料。 虽然吸烟是最 可预防的癌症原因，5400万美国人继续吸烟。 六十 %的吸烟者试图戒烟，但失败了。 大多数吸烟者报告说 他们不会参加正式的治疗计划， 自助材料。 不幸的是，现有的自助手册已经 和正规的治疗方案一样无效。 因此，有一个 迫切需要制定和传播更有效的模式和材料 对于希望自己戒烟的人来说。 拟议 研究是五年来关于自我改变研究的延续 戒烟的方法 这些研究增强了 跨理论模型，涉及十个变化过程， 在四个阶段的变化差异使用：预先考虑; 沉思;行动;和维护。 将继续进行因果建模 对950名吸烟者和前吸烟者的两年纵向数据集进行了研究。 结构分析将测试过程的因果模型， 最有效的为prementioned，维持和复发阶段的 变化 对自我改变者的复发分析可以确定 以及复发的积极和消极后果。 目前资助的 第二阶段的研究是开发自助模块和计算机辅助 函授课程的沉思和行动阶段。 的 拟议的研究将通过开发完成第二阶段的研究， 模块和函授课程的预先考虑，维护 和复发阶段。 第三阶段纵向研究将评估 四种不同的自助方案：1.联合行动和维护 美国肺脏协会手册; 2.更个性化的 跨理论手册，包括五个阶段的变化模块; 3. 一个跨理论的计算机辅助函授课程，提供 五个模块的个性化和交互式应用;以及4.一 计算机和辅导员辅助函授课程，提供 个性化、交互式和个性化的应用 模块。 对1600名受试者进行为期三年的纵向分析， 对四个方案进行深入的进程和成果评估。 这 研究的目的是通过开发和 评估更有效的自助模式和计划， 为大量的残疾人提供理想的和具有成本效益的帮助， 希望戒烟的人。

The proposed research is designed to develop more effective self-change models and materials for smoking cessation. Although smoking is the most preventable cause of cancer, 54 million Americans continue to smoke. Sixty percent of these smokers tried to quit but failed. Most smokers report that they would not attend formalized treatment programs but would use self-help materials. Unfortunately, available self-help manuals have been as ineffective as formalized treatment programs. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop and disseminate more effective models and materials for individuals wishing to quit smoking on their own. The proposed research is a continuation of five years of research on self-change approaches to smoking cessation. These studies have enhanced a Transtheoretical Model which involves ten change processes receiving differential use during four stages of change: precontemplation; contemplation; action; and maintenance. Causal modeling would be continued on a two-year longitudinal data set of 950 smokers and former smokers. Structural analyses would test causal models of the processes which are most effective for the precontemplation, maintenance and relapse stages of change. Relapse analyses of self-changers would identify the antecedents and the positive and negative consequences of relapse. Currently funded Phase II research is developing self-help modules and computer-assisted correspondence courses for the contemplation and action stages. The proposed research would complete Phase II research through the development of modules and correspondence courses for the precontemplation, maintenance and relapse stages. Longitudinal Phase III research would then evaluate four different self-help programs: 1. the combined action and maintenance manuals of the American Lung Association; 2. a more individualized transtheoretical manual that includes modules for five stages of change; 3. a transtheoretical computer assisted correspondence course that provides individualized and interactive applications of the five modules; and 4. a computer and counselor assisted correspondence course that provides individualized, interactive and personalized applications of the five modules. A three year longitudinal analysis of 1600 subjects would provide intensive process and outcome evaluations of the four programs. This research is designed to contribute to cancer control by developing and evaluating more effective self-help models and programs that have potential for providing desirable and cost-effective help to large numbers of individuals wishing to stop smoking.