SELF-HELP MODELS AND MATERIALS FOR SMOKING CESSATION

拟议的研究旨在开发更有效的自我改变 戒烟模型和材料。虽然吸烟是最多的 可预防的癌症原因，5400万美国人继续吸烟。六十 这些吸烟者中有10%的人试图戒烟，但失败了。大多数吸烟者报告说 他们不会参加正式的治疗计划，但会使用 自助材料。不幸的是，可用的自助手册已经 与正规的治疗方案一样无效。因此，有一个 迫切需要开发和传播更有效的模式和材料 适用于希望自行戒烟的个人。建议数 研究是对自我改变的五年研究的延续 戒烟方法。这些研究增强了 涉及十个变革过程接受的跨理论模型 变化的四个阶段中的差异使用：预想； 沉思；行动；和维持。将继续进行因果建模 对950名吸烟者和前吸烟者进行了为期两年的纵向数据集调查。 结构分析将测试过程的因果模型，这些模型是 对预防、维持和复发阶段最有效 变化。对自我改变者的反复分析将确定前置因素 以及旧病复发的积极和消极后果。目前已获得资金 第二阶段的研究是开发自助模块和计算机辅助 沉思和行动阶段的函授课程。这个 拟议的研究将通过开发完成第二阶段的研究 模块和函授课程，用于预想、维护 和复发阶段。然后，纵向第三阶段研究将评估 四种不同的自助程序：1.动作和维护相结合 美国肺脏协会手册；2.更加个性化 跨理论手册，包括五个变化阶段的模块； 跨理论的计算机辅助函授课程，提供 五个模块的个性化和互动式应用；以及4.a 计算机和辅导员辅助的函授课程，提供 五个方面的个性化、互动性和个性化应用 模块。对1600名受试者的三年纵向分析将提供 对四个方案进行密集的过程和结果评估。这 研究旨在通过开发和开发有助于癌症控制的 评估更有效的自助模式和有潜力的计划 为大量的 希望戒烟的个人。

The proposed research is designed to develop more effective self-change models and materials for smoking cessation. Although smoking is the most preventable cause of cancer, 54 million Americans continue to smoke. Sixty percent of these smokers tried to quit but failed. Most smokers report that they would not attend formalized treatment programs but would use self-help materials. Unfortunately, available self-help manuals have been as ineffective as formalized treatment programs. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop and disseminate more effective models and materials for individuals wishing to quit smoking on their own. The proposed research is a continuation of five years of research on self-change approaches to smoking cessation. These studies have enhanced a Transtheoretical Model which involves ten change processes receiving differential use during four stages of change: precontemplation; contemplation; action; and maintenance. Causal modeling would be continued on a two-year longitudinal data set of 950 smokers and former smokers. Structural analyses would test causal models of the processes which are most effective for the precontemplation, maintenance and relapse stages of change. Relapse analyses of self-changers would identify the antecedents and the positive and negative consequences of relapse. Currently funded Phase II research is developing self-help modules and computer-assisted correspondence courses for the contemplation and action stages. The proposed research would complete Phase II research through the development of modules and correspondence courses for the precontemplation, maintenance and relapse stages. Longitudinal Phase III research would then evaluate four different self-help programs: 1. the combined action and maintenance manuals of the American Lung Association; 2. a more individualized transtheoretical manual that includes modules for five stages of change; 3. a transtheoretical computer assisted correspondence course that provides individualized and interactive applications of the five modules; and 4. a computer and counselor assisted correspondence course that provides individualized, interactive and personalized applications of the five modules. A three year longitudinal analysis of 1600 subjects would provide intensive process and outcome evaluations of the four programs. This research is designed to contribute to cancer control by developing and evaluating more effective self-help models and programs that have potential for providing desirable and cost-effective help to large numbers of individuals wishing to stop smoking.