US-UKEEIDCollab:Understanding the effects of spatial structure on evolution of virulence in the real world: honeybees and their destructive parasites

US-UKEEIDCollab：了解空间结构对现实世界毒力进化的影响：蜜蜂及其破坏性寄生虫

• 批准号: BB/L010879/1
• 负责人: Angus Buckling
• 金额: $ 40.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL010879%2F1
• 关键词: US; UKEEIDCollab; Understanding; effects; spatial

Individuals tend to interact more with individuals that are close to them or within their family or social groups. It follows therefore that in diseases that are spread by contact, infected individuals are more likely to contact other individuals that are close by or within certain social groups with whom they interact more. The disease therefore spreads spatially through the populations. There has been a number of computer models that show that this spatial spread can have a major effect on the disease dynamics, but our work has shown that this spatial structure can have important implications to the evolution of parasites. In particular if they tend to spread locally, they are selected for lower transmission and virulence. But how do we test this kind of theory? One way is experimentally where we artificially manipulate the range of transmission and examine the impact on the evolution of the parasite. We have previously developed an insect virus system in which we can manipulate how locally the hosts move. and our recent work using this system has confirmed the predictions of the theory; virulence was lower in the more viscose population. This is a good experimental test of the theory, but we now propose to see whether this theory is relevant in an important real world disease system. We propose to examine the role of structure created by different rearing practices in the honeybee on the virulence of their parasite, the varroa mite. Honey bees are under threat from a wide range of parasites of which the varroa mite is one of the most important. We will manipulate transmission of the mite in a replicated experimental design. The transmission will range from local between nearest colonies to global over large differences. With this manipulation we will see whether local transmission does indeed allow less virulent mites to persist. We will develop new theory that is tailored to the honey bee system and examines how different bee rearing practices are predicted to impact on the virulence of the parasites. In addition we will develop new theory on how variation in susceptibility within host populations impacts on parasite virulence and test the predictions of the theory within the established honey bee system. The overall aim is to gain a better understanding of how to virulence evolves in order to improve the management of disease with a particular focus on a major disease of honey bees.

个人倾向于与亲近的人或家庭或社会群体中的人进行更多的互动。因此，在通过接触传播的疾病中，受感染者更有可能接触与他们互动更多的某些社会群体中或附近的其他人。因此，这种疾病在空间上通过人口传播。已经有许多计算机模型表明，这种空间传播可能对疾病动态产生重大影响，但我们的工作表明，这种空间结构可能对寄生虫的进化产生重要影响。特别是，如果它们倾向于在局部传播，则它们被选择用于较低的传播和毒性。但我们如何检验这种理论呢？一种方法是实验性的，我们人为地操纵传播范围，并检查对寄生虫进化的影响。我们以前已经开发了一种昆虫病毒系统，我们可以在其中操纵宿主如何在本地移动。我们最近使用这个系统的工作证实了这个理论的预测;在粘性更强的种群中，毒力更低。这是对该理论的一个很好的实验检验，但我们现在提出看看这个理论是否与一个重要的真实的世界疾病系统相关。我们建议研究的作用，在蜜蜂的寄生虫，瓦螨的毒力不同的饲养方法所产生的结构。蜜蜂受到各种寄生虫的威胁，其中瓦螨是最重要的寄生虫之一。我们将在重复实验设计中操纵螨的传播。传播的范围将从最近的殖民地之间的局部到全球的巨大差异。通过这种操作，我们将看到局部传播是否确实允许毒性较低的螨持续存在。我们将开发适合蜜蜂系统的新理论，并研究不同的蜜蜂饲养方法对寄生虫毒力的影响。此外，我们将开发新的理论，如何在宿主种群内的易感性变化对寄生虫毒力的影响，并在建立的蜜蜂系统内测试理论的预测。总体目标是更好地了解毒力如何演变，以改善疾病管理，特别关注蜜蜂的主要疾病。

项目成果

The target of selection matters: An established resistance-development-time negative genetic trade-off is not found when selecting on development time

选择的目标很重要：在选择发育时间时，未发现已建立的抗性-发育时间负遗传权衡

• DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13639
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Bartlett L

The central role of host reproduction in determining the evolution of virulence in spatially structured populations.

宿主繁殖在决定空间结构种群毒力进化中的核心作用。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110717
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of theoretical biology
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Bartlett LJ

Supplementary materials from The evolution of constitutive and induced defences to infectious disease

补充材料来自传染病的本构防御和诱导防御的演变

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6803693
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Boots M

The Need for Evolutionarily Rational Disease Interventions: Vaccination Can Select for Higher Virulence.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002236
• 发表时间: 2015-08
• 期刊: PLoS biology
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Boots M

A genotypic trade-off between constitutive resistance to viral infection and host growth rate.

对病毒感染和宿主生长速率的构型抵抗之间的基因型权衡。

• DOI: 10.1111/evo.13623
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
• 作者: Bartlett LJ;Wilfert L;Boots M
• 通讯作者: Boots M