Phosphorus cycling in the soil-microbe-plant continuum of agri-ecosystems

农业生态系统土壤-微生物-植物连续体中的磷循环

• 批准号: BB/L025957/1
• 负责人: John Hammond
• 金额: $ 54.36万
• 依托单位: University of Reading
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL025957%2F1
• 关键词: Phosphorus; cycling; soil; microbe; plant

The element phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient required by crops to ensure good growth and yields. Crops get their P from the soil via their roots in the form of phosphate (a phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms, Pi). The availability of Pi for the crop in the soil depends on the soil type, its pH, the growth of bacteria and fungi in the soil and the amount of Pi the crop takes up. Unfortunately, P is very reactive and can get locked away in the soil either with other elements or in organic compounds, making it hard for the crop to acquire sufficient Pi. To overcome this, farmers add Pi fertilisers to the crop. However, Pi fertilisers are made from rock phosphate, a non-renewable resource, the availability of which is set to decline, and the price increase, over the coming decades. Excessive use of Pi fertilisers is also a problem as the Pi can be washed into local rivers and lakes and contributes to the process of eutrophication. Since plants evolved over millions of years without Pi fertilisers, they are well equipped with adaptations to help improve the availability of Pi near their roots. Many of these adaptations have not been selected for directly when breeding crop varieties or they are not optimised for rapidly growing, high yielding crops. These adaptations included making more roots, releasing acids from their roots to free Pi bound to the soil, releasing enzymes from their roots to release Pi trapped in organic compounds and recruiting soil bacteria and fungi to help acquire Pi. To help reduce our need for Pi fertilisers we will study these plant adaptations and the bacteria that grow near the roots of oilseed rape. We will begin by identifying the bacteria that live near the roots of these crop plants using next generation sequencing technology. This allows us to sequence the genomes of most of the bacteria living in the soil near the roots and identify them. We will also investigate the enzymes and proteins made by the bacteria and the root. These approaches will tell us about bacterial activity in the soil near the root and which processes they are contributing towards. Since the P can be in different forms in the soil, such as bound to the soil or trapped in organic compounds, we will use 31P-NMR spectroscopy to investigate what forms the P is in and how they change.The growth of bacteria around the roots of the crop is largely controlled by sugars and other products released by the roots; the content and concentrations of these are genetically determined. We will reduce the expression of some of the genes that determine the release of these compounds and study the effects on the types of bacteria present near the roots and the processes they affect in relation to P availability.Finally, the P requirement of the crop changes during the growing season, declining towards harvest. We will study how the root and the bacteria growing near to it change overtime and regulate the availability of P to the crop.These studies will provide valuable information on how a crop controls the bacteria growing near its root, how the bacteria help the crop acquire P and how these processes change during the growing season. This information will help develop agricultural systems that use existing P in the soil more efficiently and optimise the amount of Pi fertiliser required to grow a successful crop. It will also provide targets for breeding crops that are more efficient at acquiring Pi from the soil, either by themselves, or with help from some soil bacteria.

元素磷（P）是作物所需的基本营养素，以确保良好的生长和产量。农作物通过根部从土壤中以磷酸盐（一个被四个氧原子包围的磷原子，Pi）的形式获得磷。土壤中作物对Pi的利用率取决于土壤类型、pH值、土壤中细菌和真菌的生长以及作物吸收的Pi量。不幸的是，磷是非常活跃的，可以与其他元素或有机化合物一起被锁在土壤中，使作物难以获得足够的磷。为了克服这一点，农民在作物中添加了Pi肥料。然而，磷化肥是由磷酸岩制成的，磷酸岩是一种不可再生资源，其可用性将在未来几十年内下降，价格上涨。过量使用磷化肥也是一个问题，因为磷可以被冲入当地的河流和湖泊，并有助于富营养化的过程。由于植物在没有Pi肥料的情况下进化了数百万年，因此它们具有很好的适应能力，可以帮助提高根部附近Pi的可用性。许多这些适应性在培育作物品种时没有被直接选择，或者它们没有被优化用于快速生长的高产作物。这些适应包括制造更多的根，从根中释放酸以释放与土壤结合的Pi，从根中释放酶以释放被困在有机化合物中的Pi，以及招募土壤细菌和真菌以帮助获得Pi。为了帮助减少我们对Pi肥料的需求，我们将研究这些植物适应性以及在油菜根部附近生长的细菌。我们将开始通过使用下一代测序技术鉴定生活在这些作物根部附近的细菌。这使我们能够对生活在根部附近土壤中的大多数细菌的基因组进行测序并识别它们。我们还将研究细菌和根产生的酶和蛋白质。这些方法将告诉我们根部附近土壤中的细菌活动以及它们对哪些过程有贡献。由于磷在土壤中可能以不同的形式存在，例如结合在土壤中或被有机化合物捕获，我们将使用31 P-NMR光谱来研究磷的形式及其变化。作物根部周围细菌的生长在很大程度上受到根部释放的糖和其他产物的控制;这些物质的含量和浓度由基因决定。我们将减少一些决定这些化合物释放的基因的表达，并研究对根部附近细菌类型的影响以及它们影响的与磷有效性有关的过程。最后，作物的磷需求在生长季节发生变化，在收获时下降。我们将研究根和生长在根附近的细菌如何随时间变化，并调节作物对磷的有效性。这些研究将为作物如何控制生长在根附近的细菌，细菌如何帮助作物获得磷以及这些过程在生长季节如何变化提供有价值的信息。这些信息将有助于开发更有效地利用土壤中现有磷的农业系统，并优化种植成功作物所需的磷肥料量。它还将为培育更有效地从土壤中获取Pi的作物提供目标，无论是通过自身还是在一些土壤细菌的帮助下。

项目成果

Niche-adaptation in plant-associated Bacteroidetes favours specialisation in organic phosphorus mineralisation.

与植物相关的拟杆菌门的生态位适应有利于有机磷矿化的专业化。

• DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00829-2
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: The ISME journal
• 作者: Lidbury IDEA;Borsetto C;Murphy ARJ;Bottrill A;Jones AME;Bending GD;Hammond JP;Chen Y;Wellington EMH;Scanlan DJ
• 通讯作者: Scanlan DJ

Comparative genomic, proteomic and exoproteomic analyses of three Pseudomonas strains reveals novel insights into the phosphorus scavenging capabilities of soil bacteria.

• DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13390
• 发表时间: 2016-10
• 期刊: Environmental microbiology
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Lidbury ID;Murphy AR;Scanlan DJ;Bending GD;Jones AM;Moore JD;Goodall A;Hammond JP;Wellington EM
• 通讯作者: Wellington EM

The 'known' genetic potential for microbial communities to degrade organic phosphorus is reduced in low-pH soils.

• DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.474
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: MicrobiologyOpen
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Lidbury IDEA;Fraser T;Murphy ARJ;Scanlan DJ;Bending GD;Jones AME;Moore JD;Goodall A;Tibbett M;Hammond JP;Wellington EMH
• 通讯作者: Wellington EMH

Stimulation of Distinct Rhizosphere Bacteria Drives Phosphorus and Nitrogen Mineralization in Oilseed Rape under Field Conditions.

• DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00025-22
• 发表时间: 2022-08-30
• 期刊: mSystems
• 影响因子: 6.4

Identification of extracellular glycerophosphodiesterases in Pseudomonas and their role in soil organic phosphorus remineralisation.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02327-6
• 发表时间: 2017-05-19
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Lidbury IDEA;Murphy ARJ;Fraser TD;Bending GD;Jones AME;Moore JD;Goodall A;Tibbett M;Hammond JP;Scanlan DJ;Wellington EMH
• 通讯作者: Wellington EMH