14TSB_ATC_IR Genome biobanking for the optimisation of valuable broiler genetic stocks

14TSB_ATC_IR 用于优化有价值的肉鸡遗传种群的基因组生物库

• 批准号: BB/M011895/1
• 负责人: Michael McGrew
• 金额: $ 50.66万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM011895%2F1
• 关键词: 14TSB_ATC_IR; Genome; biobanking; optimisation; valuable

This project will develop novel technology to safeguard and harness existing poultry genetic resources by i) biobanking genetic resources for broiler lines using PGCs (the chicken functional equivalent of the mammalian stem cell) to preserve genotypes and therefore have the potential to re-introduce genotypes as needed into poultry production systems. Recent developments using PGCs provide a business opportunity to exploit a novel technology to safeguard and manage unique genetic pedigree breeding flocks. Currently there is no way to reconstitute pedigree stocks if lost to disease or natural disaster. Valuable lines that could contain useful alleles for developing markets are either maintained as living flocks or are culled from the production process. A proven biobanking procedure, coupled with complete genotyping of the biobanked material, will permit the storage of PGCs which can be returned to production as needed. Unlike mammalian agricultural species, the broiler industry is hindered by the limited semen cryopreservation program and semen storage technologies that are only reliable for hours, not days, months, or years. The use of chicken PGCs (stem cells) as a cryopreservation system has recently developed (van de Lavoir, 2006) and has not yet been developed by any of the large commercial poultry breeders. We intend to preserve the Vantress heritage line of chickens, a/the founder line for the current Cobb pedigree broiler lines that we have kept extant for the last fifty years. It thus represents an ancestral pool of genes from which the genomes of the modern lines have been selected. It will therefore include potentially useful alleles that have already been lost from the modern lines, or may be lost in the future with further selection. Cryopreserving genetic material is only one part of an integrated program to access and preserve genetic diversity required for the development of new products for emerging and transforming market segments. A careful assessment of the available genetic variation, along with an understanding of which alleles are critical for driving key performance traits is necessary to exploit the existing genetic diversity in commercial and non-commercial genetic stocks. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and efforts have provided a valuable assembly of a reference chicken genome. As the product of a publically and privately funded consortium, the effort focused on the ancestor of the modern chicken, the red jungle fowl. However, to effectively utilize genomic selection strategies in the commercial industry, a comprehensive understanding of the alleles and associated phenotypic traits of commercial purelines must be completed. To this end, this project will undertake ii) further DNA sequencing and annotation of the genomic sequence of a broiler line to produce a GeneAtlas; model for better understanding genetic variation in modern broiler lines. Currently, our ability to understand variability within and between lines of chickens is hampered by the incomplete state of the current chicken genome build and the distant relationship between modern broiler lines and the red jungle fowl. A broiler GeneAtlas will allow the exploitation of broiler genetic variability for the introgression of biobanked genetic material into new pureline populations. This broiler Atlas will be specific for Cobb commercial purelines and ancestral Cobb broiler lines. This will be a unique resource that will enable Cobb to select traits from within their various production flocks for specific markets.

该项目将开发新技术，通过以下方式保护和利用现有家禽遗传资源：i）使用PGC（哺乳动物干细胞的鸡功能等同物）为肉鸡品系建立生物库遗传资源，以保存基因型，因此有可能根据需要将基因型重新引入家禽生产系统。使用PGCs的最新发展提供了利用新技术保护和管理独特遗传谱系育种群的商业机会。目前，如果因疾病或自然灾害而丧失，没有办法重建谱系种群。可能含有对开发市场有用的等位基因的有价值的品系要么作为活的鸡群维持，要么从生产过程中剔除。经过验证的生物库程序，加上生物库材料的完整基因分型，将允许储存PGC，并可根据需要返回生产。与哺乳动物农业物种不同，肉鸡行业受到有限的精液冷冻保存计划和精液储存技术的阻碍，这些技术只能可靠地保存数小时，而不是数天，数月或数年。鸡PGC（干细胞）作为冷冻保存系统的使用是最近开发的（货车de Lavoir，2006），并且尚未被任何大型商业家禽育种者开发。我们打算保留Vantress鸡的传统系列，这是我们在过去五十年中一直保留的当前Cobb血统肉鸡系列的创始人系列。因此，它代表了一个祖先基因库，现代品系的基因组就是从这个基因库中选出的。因此，它将包括潜在有用的等位基因，这些等位基因已经从现代品系中丢失，或者可能在未来的进一步选择中丢失。冷冻保存遗传物质只是获取和保存遗传多样性的综合计划的一部分，这是为新兴和转型市场开发新产品所必需的。仔细评估可用的遗传变异，沿着了解哪些等位基因对驱动关键性能性状至关重要，这对于利用商业和非商业遗传种群中现有的遗传多样性是必要的。测序技术和努力的最新进展提供了参考鸡基因组的有价值的组装。作为一个由私人赞助的财团的产品，这项工作集中在现代鸡的祖先--红原鸡上。然而，为了有效地利用基因组选择策略在商业产业中，商业纯系的等位基因和相关的表型性状的全面理解，必须完成。为此，该项目将进行ii）进一步的DNA测序和肉鸡品系基因组序列的注释，以产生GeneAtlas;用于更好地理解现代肉鸡品系遗传变异的模型。目前，我们理解鸡品系内和品系间变异性的能力受到当前鸡基因组构建的不完整状态以及现代肉鸡品系和红原鸡之间的遥远关系的阻碍。肉鸡基因图谱将允许利用肉鸡遗传变异性，将生物库遗传物质渗入新的纯系种群。该肉鸡图谱将针对Cobb商业纯系和祖先Cobb肉鸡系。这将是一个独特的资源，将使科布选择性状从他们的各种生产羊群为特定的市场。

项目成果

Cryopreservation of specialized chicken lines using cultured primordial germ cells.

• DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew133
• 发表时间: 2016-08-01
• 期刊: Poultry science
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Nandi S;Whyte J;Taylor L;Sherman A;Nair V;Kaiser P;McGrew MJ
• 通讯作者: McGrew MJ

Avian Primordial Germ Cells Are Bipotent for Male or Female Gametogenesis.

• DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726827
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Ballantyne M;Taylor L;Hu T;Meunier D;Nandi S;Sherman A;Flack B;Henshall JM;Hawken RJ;McGrew MJ
• 通讯作者: McGrew MJ

Efficient TALEN-mediated gene targeting of chicken primordial germ cells.

• DOI: 10.1242/dev.145367
• 发表时间: 2017-03-01
• 期刊: Development (Cambridge, England)
• 作者: Taylor L;Carlson DF;Nandi S;Sherman A;Fahrenkrug SC;McGrew MJ
• 通讯作者: McGrew MJ

Gene editing in birds takes flight.

鸟类中的基因编辑可以飞行。

• DOI: 10.1007/s00335-017-9701-z
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society
• 作者: Woodcock ME;Idoko-Akoh A;McGrew MJ
• 通讯作者: McGrew MJ

FGF, Insulin, and SMAD Signaling Cooperate for Avian Primordial Germ Cell Self-Renewal.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.10.008
• 发表时间: 2015-12-08
• 期刊: Stem cell reports
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Whyte J;Glover JD;Woodcock M;Brzeszczynska J;Taylor L;Sherman A;Kaiser P;McGrew MJ
• 通讯作者: McGrew MJ