Understanding the molecular control of senescence and nutrient remobilisation in wheat

了解小麦衰老和养分再利用的分子控制

• 批准号: BB/M014045/1
• 负责人: Philippa Borrill
• 金额: $ 39.88万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM014045%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; molecular; control; senescence; nutrient

Wheat is one of the world's most important crops providing over 20% of calories eaten by mankind. However, wheat not only provides calories, it is also a vital source of other nutrients including protein and minerals such as iron and zinc. Protein and mineral malnutrition affects over 30% of the world's population, so if we could improve the levels of nutrients in the grain of staple crops such as wheat, it could have a dramatic impact on the health and lives of people across the globe.The nutrient content of wheat grain is intimately linked to the controlled death (senescence) of the plant. There is an important trade-off between prolonging the life of the plant to maximise yield, and ensuring that nutrients are released from dying parts of the plant (e.g. leaves) to the grain. Scientists have often studied the senescence of leaves and grain development separately. I hypothesize that if we understand the integrated process from the dying leaves to the developing grain we will be able to improve the amount of nutrients entering the grain, without reducing yield. I propose to improve our understanding of nutrient movement from the leaves into the grain, and its relationship with senescence, in three main ways. Firstly I will study the genes involved in these processes in plants with normal and reduced ability to move nutrients into their grain. This will identify which genes are key control points. Secondly I will explore where genes known to be involved in nutrient movement and senescence are active in the plant and what their functions are. Thirdly I will identify mutant plants which have altered rates of senescence and identify which genes are changed in these plants, to understand the senescence process in more detail. Currently very few genes have been identified in wheat to be important in controlling senescence and nutrient content. This project will identify several of the most important genes representing a step change in understanding which genes control senescence and nutrient content in wheat. This information will be useful to crop breeders and biotechnologists to improve the nutrient content of wheat grain without reducing the yield.

小麦是世界上最重要的农作物之一，提供人类20%以上的卡路里。然而，小麦不仅提供热量，它也是其他营养素的重要来源，包括蛋白质和矿物质，如铁和锌。蛋白质和矿物质营养不良影响着世界上30%以上的人口，因此，如果我们能够提高小麦等主要作物的谷物中的营养水平，它可能会对地球仪各地人们的健康和生活产生巨大影响。小麦谷物的营养含量与植物的受控死亡（衰老）密切相关。在延长植物的寿命以最大限度地提高产量和确保营养物质从植物的死亡部分（例如叶子）释放到谷物之间存在重要的权衡。科学家们经常分别研究叶片的衰老和谷物的发育。我假设，如果我们了解从叶片死亡到谷物发育的完整过程，我们将能够提高进入谷物的营养物质的量，而不会降低产量。我建议从三个主要方面来提高我们对营养物质从叶片到谷粒的运动及其与衰老的关系的理解。首先，我将研究植物中与这些过程有关的基因，这些基因具有正常和降低的将营养物质转移到谷物中的能力。这将确定哪些基因是关键控制点。其次，我将探索已知参与营养运动和衰老的基因在植物中的活跃位置以及它们的功能。第三，我将鉴定衰老速率改变的突变植物，并鉴定这些植物中哪些基因发生了变化，以更详细地了解衰老过程。目前，在小麦中很少有基因被鉴定出在控制衰老和营养含量方面是重要的。该项目将确定几个最重要的基因，这些基因代表了理解哪些基因控制小麦衰老和营养含量的一个步骤。这些信息将有助于作物育种家和生物技术专家在不降低产量的情况下提高小麦籽粒的营养含量。

项目成果

Genome-Wide Sequence and Expression Analysis of the NAC Transcription Factor Family in Polyploid Wheat.

• DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.043679
• 发表时间: 2017-09-07
• 期刊: G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
• 作者: Borrill P;Harrington SA;Uauy C
• 通讯作者: Uauy C

Genome-wide sequence and expression analysis of the NAC transcription factor family in polyploid wheat

多倍体小麦NAC转录因子家族全基因组序列及表达分析

• DOI: 10.1101/141747
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Borrill P

World Wheat Book: A history of wheat breeding, volume 3.

世界小麦书：小麦育种史，第 3 卷。

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Adamski N

A roadmap for gene functional characterisation in wheat

小麦基因功能表征路线图

• DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.26877v1
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Adamski N

Wheat NAM genes regulate the majority of early monocarpic senescence transcriptional changes including nitrogen remobilization genes.

• DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac275
• 发表时间: 2023-02-09
• 期刊: G3 (Bethesda, Md.)