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Next generation biopesticides for environmentally benign control of crop pests

用于对农作物害虫进行无害环境控制的下一代生物农药

基本信息

批准号：
BB/M027147/1
负责人：
John Gatehouse
金额：
$ 24.93万
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM027147%2F1
关键词：
Next generation biopesticides environmentally benign

项目摘要

Pesticides are an essential tool for increasing agricultural productivity and meeting the challenge of providing increased food supplies from diminishing land areas available for cultivation. Invertebrate pests of crops, which include both insects and other arthropods, such as caterpillars, aphids, beetles, flies and mites, and molluscs, such as slugs and snails, can cause total crop losses if not treated. However, the negative effects of unregulated use of indiscriminate chemical pesticides on the environment, and human health, are well-documented. In the search for new environmentally-friendlypesticides, many investigators have identified the possibility of using examples from the wide range of protein and peptide toxins produced naturally by organisms such as spiders, scorpions and other predators to control insect and other invertebrate pests. These toxins have many advantages - they are effective, can be highly specific in their action, with no effects on higher animals; they are also susceptible to biodegradation in the environment. However, delivery of these toxins to their sites of action - usually in the central nervous system - has remained a consistent problem which has prevented their adoption as pesticides; whereas a predatory organism can sting or bite its prey to introduce toxins into its circulatory system, delivery through contact or feeding by the target organism is usually ineffective.Fusion protein technology enables the conversion of a protein or peptide toxin which normally requires access to the circulatory system of an organism to be effective, into a pesticide which is effective when orally delivered. This is achieved by fusion of the toxin to a protein "carrier", which is able to transport across the gut wall of the target organism into the circulatory system. The fusion protein, containing both the toxin and the carrier in a single polypeptide, is produced from a synthetic gene in a recombinant expression system, either for exogenous application or produced endogenously in the crop. When the target organism ingests material containing the fusion protein, the toxin component of the fusion is transported by the "carrier" into the circulatory system; it is now able to access its targets. Fusion proteins are thus effective pesticides in baits or sprays. Fusion protein technology has been developed to produce novel pesticides which are more specific towards target species, with minimal side effects on beneficial organisms, such as bees. Since fusion proteins are biodegradable, they do not persist in the environment, which is timely in view of current concerns about molluscicide residues in water supplies.The proposed project aims to develop two prototype fusion proteins, which have been shown to have insecticidal activity towards caterpillars, beetles, flies and aphids, and molluscicidal activity towards slugs, to the point where a prototype biopesticide is ready for evaluation in a commercial setting, in collaboration with potential customers. This will involve optimising the production process, and carrying out formulation and product development. At the same time the necessary background testing for preparing data for pesticide registration will be accumulated; this will include evaluation of both efficacy towards target pests, and ecotoxicological and environmental studies. The project will also aim to develop further fusion protein biopesticides, to allow a portfolio of products suitable for different applications to be built up. It will also look at development of resistance towards fusion protein biopesticides in potential targets, to develop a strategy for managing use of these products to minimise loss of effectiveness; the availability of a range of fusion proteins with differing modes of action will also be a valuable resource in resistance management.

农药是提高农业生产力和应对从日益减少的可供种植的土地面积中提供更多粮食供应的挑战的一个重要工具。农作物的无脊椎害虫，包括昆虫和其他节肢动物，如毛虫、蚜虫、甲虫、苍蝇和螨，以及软体动物，如蛞蝓和蜗牛，如果不加以处理，可能造成农作物的全部损失。然而，不加管制地滥用化学农药对环境和人类健康的负面影响是有据可查的。在寻找新的环境友好型杀虫剂的过程中，许多研究人员已经确定了使用生物体（如蜘蛛、蝎子和其他捕食者）天然产生的各种蛋白质和肽毒素来控制昆虫和其他无脊椎动物害虫的可能性。这些毒素有许多优点-它们是有效的，可以在他们的行动高度特异性，对高等动物没有影响;他们也容易在环境中生物降解。然而，将这些毒素运送到其作用部位-通常是中枢神经系统-仍然是一个长期存在的问题，这阻碍了它们作为农药的采用;而捕食性生物可以蜇或咬它的猎物，将毒素引入它的循环系统，通过接触或目标生物的进食来传递通常是无效的。融合蛋白技术使得蛋白质或肽毒素能够转化其通常需要进入生物体的循环系统才有效。这是通过将毒素与蛋白质“载体”融合来实现的，该蛋白质“载体”能够穿过目标生物体的肠壁运输到循环系统中。在单一多肽中含有毒素和载体的融合蛋白由重组表达系统中的合成基因产生，用于外源应用或在作物中内源产生。当目标生物体摄取含有融合蛋白的物质时，融合蛋白的毒素成分被“载体”转运到循环系统中;它现在能够接近其目标。融合蛋白因此是诱饵或喷雾剂中的有效杀虫剂。融合蛋白技术已被开发用于生产对目标物种更具特异性的新型农药，对有益生物（如蜜蜂）的副作用最小。由于融合蛋白是可生物降解的，它们不会在环境中持久存在，鉴于目前人们对供水中的灭螺剂残留的关注，这是及时的。拟议的项目旨在开发两种原型融合蛋白，这两种原型融合蛋白已被证明对毛虫、甲虫、苍蝇和蚜虫具有杀虫活性，对蛞蝓具有灭螺活性，直到生物农药原型已准备好与潜在客户合作在商业环境中进行评估。这将涉及优化生产过程，并进行配方和产品开发。与此同时，将积累必要的背景测试，以便为农药登记编制数据;这将包括评估对目标害虫的效力以及生态毒理学和环境研究。该项目还将进一步开发融合蛋白生物农药，以建立适合不同应用的产品组合。它还将研究潜在目标对融合蛋白生物农药耐药性的发展，以制定管理这些产品使用的策略，以最大限度地减少有效性损失;一系列具有不同作用模式的融合蛋白的可用性也将是抗性管理的宝贵资源。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Enhancing the oral and topical insecticidal efficacy of a commercialized spider venom peptide biopesticide via fusion to the carrier snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin).

通过融合到载体雪花蛋白（Galanthus nivalis凝集素）中，增强了商业化蜘蛛肽生物农药的口服和局部杀虫功效。

DOI：
10.1002/ps.7198
发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Sukiran, Nur Afiqah;Pyati, Prashant;Willis, Caitlin E.;Brown, Adrian P.;Readshaw, Jennifer J.;Fitches, Elaine C.
通讯作者：
Fitches, Elaine C.

A Systematic Study of RNAi Effects and dsRNA Stability in Tribolium castaneum and Acyrthosiphon pisum, Following Injection and Ingestion of Analogous dsRNAs.