14CONFAP: Implications of enhanced ecological intensification and resilience for smallholder farming in the eastern Amazonia region

14CONFAP：增强生态集约化和恢复力对亚马逊东部地区小农农业的影响

• 批准号: BB/M02914X/1
• 负责人: Sacha Mooney
• 金额: $ 6.26万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM02914X%2F1
• 关键词: 14CONFAP; Implications; enhanced; ecological; intensification

The former 'arc of deforestation' of peripheral Amazonia is dominated by extensive pastures and slash-and-burn shifting cultivation. These land management interventions have resulted in severe environmental degradation, restricted agricultural productivity and caused rural poverty. As populations continue to rise, there is a clear need for a more ecologically sustainable intensification of smallholder agriculture with high eco-efficiency and low external inputs. This project aims to create a new research partnership to tackle biodiversity and ecosystems resilience and assess the impacts of ecological intensification (more productive, reduced input sustainable systems) on smallholder farming at the eastern fringe of Amazonia. We will focus on four key priority areas namely: i) landscape ecology; ii) soil carbon and nutrient management; iii) global change biology and iv) conservation and biodiversity. i) Landscape ecology: Ecological intensification of agriculture requires an appreciation of how ecosystem processes at the landscape-scale can be integrated with existing smallholder farming systems, priorities and constraints. Key questions that need to be addressed include: 1) how should forests be managed to deliver optimal livelihood and environmental benefits? and 2) how can we ensure that forest management at the interface with neighbouring farming systems is sustainable and not over-exploited by farming communities?ii) Carbon and nutrientsTraditional smallholder farming relies on low input strategies and future efforts must strive to increase resilience to minimize external risks. Sustainable low-input agriculture is difficult to achieve in the humid tropics, due to a combination of factors that reduce nutrient-efficiencies of crops. Key questions to be considered include: 1) how does smallholder land management impact on soil quality and 2) how can soils best be restored?iii) Global change biology Global changes at field, regional and global scales are transforming agriculture and socio-economics and we urgently require a better understanding of the processes and patterns involved. The key questions to be addressed here are: 1) to what extent can crop management mitigate against environment change-related stresses such as droughts, flooding? and 2) what is the short- and long-term effect of salinity intrusions into freshwater wetlands?iv) Conservation and use of biodiversityBiodiversity is essential to the sustainable management of ecosystems. Key questions to include: 1) how might forest wastes benefit farming systems; and 4) how does biodiversity provide more resilience to agricultural landscapes to cope with extreme events?

亚马逊河周边地区以前的“森林砍伐弧”主要是广阔的牧场和刀耕火种的轮垦。这些土地管理干预措施造成了严重的环境退化，限制了农业生产力，并造成了农村贫困。随着人口继续增加，显然需要以生态效率高、外部投入少的方式，加强小农农业的生态可持续性。该项目旨在建立一个新的研究伙伴关系，以应对生物多样性和生态系统的复原力，并评估生态集约化（生产力更高、投入更少的可持续系统）对亚马逊东部边缘小农农业的影响。我们将重点关注四个关键优先领域，即：i）景观生态学; ii）土壤碳和养分管理; iii）全球变化生物学和iv）保护和生物多样性。（一）景观生态：农业的生态集约化需要了解如何将小规模的生态系统进程与现有的小农耕作制度、优先事项和制约因素结合起来。需要解决的关键问题包括：1）应如何管理森林以提供最佳生计和环境效益？以及2）我们如何确保与邻近耕作系统交界处的森林管理是可持续的，而不是被耕作社区过度开发？ii）碳和营养传统小农农业依赖于低投入策略，未来的努力必须努力提高弹性，以最大限度地减少外部风险。由于多种因素降低了作物的营养效率，在潮湿的热带地区难以实现可持续的低投入农业。需要考虑的关键问题包括：1）小农土地管理如何影响土壤质量; 2）如何最好地恢复土壤？实地、区域和全球范围的全球变化正在改变农业和社会经济，我们迫切需要更好地了解所涉及的过程和模式。这里要解决的关键问题是：1）作物管理在多大程度上可以减轻与环境变化相关的压力，如干旱，洪水？以及2）盐度侵入淡水湿地的短期和长期影响是什么？（四）保护和利用生物多样性生物多样性对生态系统的可持续管理至关重要。关键问题包括：1）森林废弃物如何有益于农业系统; 4）生物多样性如何为农业景观提供更大的复原力，以科普极端事件？