CELLULAR ASPECTS OF OPIATE BINDING TO HUMAN LEUKOCYTES

流行病学家估计，25%的人类艾滋病患者使用 注射阿片类药物，使药物滥用成为 艾滋病流行的变数。 一种假设是， 街头阿片类药物成瘾者中艾滋病的发病率， 一般人群，提出免疫调节剂 阿片类药物的特性使成瘾者的免疫系统变得脆弱 感染因子，如艾滋病毒和那些复杂的 被称为艾滋病。 外周血T淋巴细胞 有特定的阿片类药物结合位点支持这一假设， 阿片类药物本身是调节 成瘾者的免疫能力 然而，在病因学之前， 阿片类药物诱导的免疫调节可以被充分理解， 存在确定阿片特异性的基本需要， 阿片-配体/结合位点相互作用的离子需求 的T淋巴细胞。 其次，酒精和可卡因改变了 鸦片制剂的免疫调节特性，因此， 研究这些药物如何影响阿片类药物与 淋巴细胞，因为这种多药 与街头成瘾情况的相互作用。 三是通过 研究Bmax中方差的差异（ 每淋巴细胞的结合位点）之间的单卵双胞胎 与双卵双胞胎相比，遗传对发育的贡献 阿片诱导的免疫调节的关键成分也可以 进行评估。 第四，测量阿片剂与 来自街头瘾君子的淋巴细胞将测试 淋巴细胞表现出对阿片类药物的耐受性。 最后， 淋巴细胞-阿片样物质的相互作用可以用来评估 调节次级生化信号（Ca+2内流和 cAMP浓度），其控制细胞代谢， 最终免疫功能。 只有通过仔细的机械化 阿片类药物与淋巴细胞结合的研究表明， 街头吸毒者的免疫缺陷可以得到解决， 对艾滋病等传染病的易感性进行解读。 随着阿片类免疫调节的病因学知识， 也许可以制定干预战略， 逆转艾滋病患者的免疫缺陷和艾滋病易感性， 街头鸦片瘾君子

Epidemiologists estimate that 25% of human AIDS patients use injectable opiates, making drug abuse a major contributory variable in the AIDS epidemic. One hypothesis for the increased rate of AIDS among street opiate addicts, compared to the general population, proposes that the immunomodulatory properties of opiates make immune systems of addicts vulnerable to infectious agents such as HIV and those which complicate the condition known as AIDS. Findings that peripheral T lymphocytes have specific opiate binding sites support the hypothesis that opiates themselves are a direct factor in modulating immunocompetence in addicts. However, before the etiology of opiate-induced immunomodulation can be fully understood, a fundamental need exists to determine the opiate specificity and ionic requirements of the opiate-ligand/binding site(s) interactions of the T lymphocyte. Second, alcohol and cocaine alters the immunomodulatory properties of opiates, and it would therefore be instructive to study how these drugs affect opiate binding to lymphocytes because of the relevance of such polydrug interactions to the circumstances of street addiction. Third, by studying the difference in variance in Bmax (the number of binding sites per lymphocyte) between pairs of monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins, the contribution of heredity to a critical component of opiate-induced immunomodulation can also be assessed. Fourth, measurement of opiate binding to lymphocytes from street addicts would test whether the lymphocytes demonstrate tolerance for opiates. Finally, lymphocyte-opiate interactions can be exploited to evaluate the modulation of secondary biochemical signals (Ca+2 influx and cAMP concentration) which control cellular metabolism and ultimately immune function. It is only by careful mechanistic studies of the binding of opiates to lymphocytes that the apparent immunodeficiency of street addicts can be addressed and their susceptibility to AIDS and other infectious diseases interpreted. With knowledge of the etiology of opiate immunomodulation, it may be possible to devise intervention strategies to effectively reverse the immunodeficiency and AIDS-susceptibility of the street opiate addict.