15AGRITECHCAT3 Side Ridge Injection (SRI)

出于环境和健康方面的考虑，许多合成化学农药已被禁止(理事会第91/414/EEC号指令)或重新评估(第2009/1107/EC号条例)。如此广泛的植保产品的损失是非常令人担忧的。例如，在英国的马铃薯生产中，只有两种合成杀线虫剂(Vydate和Nemathorin)仍获授权，但这些杀虫剂将在2017年接受欧盟基于重大风险的审查。在英国所有用于马铃薯生产的土地中，约有40%受到马铃薯胞囊线虫(PCN)的侵染，在不使用杀线虫剂的情况下，产量受到威胁。在大蒜提取物中发现的天然二烯丙基多硫化物具有广泛的杀虫活性，并为开发新的绿色农药提供了一系列有趣的线索。为了实现这一目标，ECOSpraze有限公司开发了基于大蒜提取物的环境友好农药，作为对运动场草坪根结线虫病的有效治疗。早期的田间试验表明，它们有望用于防止马铃薯作物受到PCN的损害。对于大面积作物保护中的大规模应用，在单个马铃薯植株的局部区域精确投放这类杀虫剂将是至关重要的，以最大限度地提高其有效性和使用的经济性。为了解决这个问题，Target Set Ltd正在设计和设计拖拉机后部侧脊喷射器系统，能够将液体农药注入种植的马铃薯周围的土坎。该项目旨在优化这些侧脊喷射器的方案，并建立它们作为大蒜衍生线虫杀虫剂输送平台的有效性(通过广泛的独立田间试验)，目的是确保监管部门批准它们的使用，以防止英国、欧盟和更远地区的马铃薯作物受到PCN的损害。在这个项目中，UEA研究团队将开发定量(基于实验室的)分析方法，可用于检测、量化和追踪复杂的、与农业相关的土壤样品中单个二烯丙基多硫化物的命运。这些方法将被用来指导Target Set优化其侧脊注射器配置，以便局部输送多硫化物杀线虫剂。它们还将用于在田间试验期间监测土壤中注入的多硫化物的寿命，以便向ECOSpale和Target Set通报重复注射杀线虫剂的最佳时间。我们还将开发基于现场的定性诊断方法，当这个交付平台最终商业化时，农民可以在现场使用这些诊断方法。我们还将制定方法，提高在大蒜油加工和制备过程中获得的最活跃的二烯丙基多硫化物(以及它们的合成性质相同的等价物)的产量，以确保线虫杀菌剂的供应在获得监管批准用于主流马铃薯作物保护时能够满足需求。

Environmental and health concerns have prompted the prohibition (Council Directive 91/414/EEC) or re-evaluation (Regulation 2009/1107/EC) of many synthetic chemical pesticides. The loss such a wide range of crop protection products is of great concern. For example with UK potato production only two synthetic nematicides are still authorised (Vydate and Nemathorin), but these will be subject to major risk based EU reviews in 2017. About 40% of all land used in the UK for potato production is infested with potato cyst nematodes (PCN) at levels where yield is threatened without the use of nematicides. Naturally occurring diallyl polysulfide compounds found in garlic extracts display broad spectrum pesticidal activities and offer a range of interesting leads for new 'green' pesticides.Towards this goal, ECOspray Ltd have developed environmentally benign pesticide based on garlic extracts as effective treatments for root knot nematode infestations on sports turf. Early field trials demonstrated their promise for use in preventing potato crop damage from PCN. For large scale applications in broad acre crop protection, precision delivery of such pesticides in the localised zone of individual potato plants, will be critical in order to maximise their effectiveness as well as the economy of their use. To address this, Target Set Ltd are designing and engineering back-of-a-tractor side ridge injector systems able to inject liquid pesticides into the soil ridge that immediately surrounds the planted seed potatoes.This project aims to optimise these side ridge injector protocols and establish their effectiveness as a delivery platform for garlic-derived nematicides (through an extensive range of independent field trials), with the aim of securing regulatory approval of their use to prevent PCN damage in potato crop in the UK, across the EU and further afield.Within this project, the UEA research team will develop quantitative (laboratory-based) analytical methods that can be used to detect, quantify and chase the fate of individual diallyl polysulfides in complex, agriculturally relevant, soil samples. These methods will be used to guide Target Set in the optimisation of their side-ridge-injector configurations for localised subsoil delivery of polysulfide nematicides. They will also be used to monitor the longevity of soil injected polysulfides during field trials in order to inform ECOspray and Target Set of the best times for repeat nematicide injections. We will also develop qualitative field-based diagnostics that can be used on-site by farmers when this delivery platform is ultimately commercialised. We will also develop methods to increase the yields of the most active diallyl polysufides obtained during the processing and preparation of garlic oils (as well as their synthetic nature-identical equivalents) in order to ensure the nematicide supplies will be able to meet demands when it receives regulatory approval for use in mainstream potato crop protection.