PERIODONTAL TISSUE CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY-LACTATION

骨骼和牙周组织有明显的变化， 妇女怀孕、哺乳和绝经后。在怀孕期间， 有矿物质的积累和骨骼质量的一些增加。 慢性炎症性疾病通常在怀孕期间加重（例如， 牙龈炎）。在哺乳期，矿物质和 骨组织代谢，包括明显的短暂性骨骼损失 马萨诸塞州绝经后骨组织的衰退是众所周知的 (e.g.绝经后骨质疏松症）。现在很明显，即使 怀孕期间矿物质和骨骼代谢的显著变化， 哺乳期，生殖周期有较长保护作用 女性骨组织的长期完整性。拟议的实验将 继续定义骨骼，矿物质， 在怀孕、哺乳和停止后的软组织变化 卵巢功能。组织水平的形态测量学研究将解决新的 关于骨重建和建模的作用的假说， 研究将检查特定的假定内分泌调节剂。解决 针对这些问题，提出以下目标。以确定是否 怀孕期间的合成代谢变化是由于重塑的开始， 通过抑制骨重建与骨增加的一致性 建模这可能是第一个证据表明， 哺乳动物骨骼中可逆的矿物质积累。确定 生长激素相关肽，特别是胎盘催乳素， proliferin和prolactin在妊娠期间对骨组织的影响。的 这些激素的产生在怀孕期间增加， 在骨骼和矿物质代谢中的作用。以确定是否蜕膜在 没有胎盘对矿物质和骨骼有影响 假孕期间的代谢。可能的体细胞效应 本研究将对蜕膜化进行定义。确定的作用 牙周软组织，特别是牙周韧带， 孕期松弛素已知会影响纤维性关节， 全身效应，并假定在观察到的 牙周组织在怀孕后期。以确定是否在 哺乳期间骨骼代谢是由于 骨骼重塑导致可逆的矿物质缺乏数据从该 这项研究可能有助于解释哺乳对哺乳动物的明显保护作用。 女性长期的骨骼健康最终研究将确定 与卵巢切除术相比，哺乳期骨质流失的模式是 以使骨骼重建最大化。这些研究将 定义妊娠和哺乳期间组织水平的变化，并定义 特定内分泌调节剂的作用。

There are marked changes in skeletal and periodontal tissues during pregnancy and lactation and after menopause in women. During pregnancy, there is an accumulation of mineral and some increase in skeletal mass. Chronic inflammatory diseases are often aggravated during pregnancy (e.g. gingivitis). During lactation, there are dramatic changes in mineral and osseous tissue metabolism, including an apparent transient loss of skeletal mass. The decline in osseous tissues after the menopause is well recognized (e.g. post-menopausal osteoporosis). It is now apparent that even with marked changes in mineral and skeletal metabolism during pregnancy and lactation, that reproductive cycles have a protective effect on the longer term integrity of osseous tissues in women. The proposed experiments will continue to define the changes in, and mechanisms for, skeletal, mineral, and soft-tissue alterations during pregnancy, lactation and after cessation of ovarian function. Tissue-level morphometry studies will address new hypotheses on the role of bone remodeling and modeling while mechanistic studies will examine specific putative endocrine regulators. To address these issues, the following objectives are proposed. To determine if the anabolic changes during pregnancy are due to the initiation of remodeling coherence by the suppression of bone remodeling with increased bone modeling. This may provide the first evidence for a physiological reversible mineral accumulation in a mammalian skeleton. To determine the role of growth hormone-related peptides, specifically placental lactogens, proliferin and prolactin, on osseous tissues during pregnancy. The production of these hormones is increased in pregnancy and they may have roles in skeletal and mineral metabolism. To determine if the decidua in the absence of a placenta has an influence on mineral and skeletal metabolism during pseudopregnancy. Possible somatogenic effects of decidualization will be defined in this study. To determine the role of relaxin in periodontal soft tissues, specifically the periodontal ligament, during pregnancy. Relaxin in known to affect fibrous joints and have systemic effects and is postulated as having a role in observed changes in periodontal tissues in later pregnancy. To determine if the changes in skeletal metabolism during lactation are due to a transient increase in bone remodeling, resulting in a reversible mineral deficit. Data from this study might help explain the apparent protective effect of lactation on longer term bone health in women. The final study will determine if the patterns of bone loss during lactation, when compared with ovariectomy, are such to maximize skeletal reconstitution. Collectively these studies will define tissue-level changes during pregnancy and lactation, and define the roles of specific endocrine regulators.