The role of endophytes in affecting symptom development of European apple canker caused by Neonectria ditissima

内生菌在影响新菌引起的欧洲苹果溃疡病症状发展中的作用

• 批准号: BB/P007899/1
• 负责人: Xiangming Xu
• 金额: $ 39.62万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP007899%2F1
• 关键词: role; endophytes; affecting; symptom; development

European Canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, has become the most damaging disease of apple in recent years across all major apple growing regions worldwide. Modern cultivars lack resistance to this pathogen and in Europe most effective methods of chemical control are no longer available. Cultivars differ in their susceptibility but there is no absolute resistance. We obtained preliminary data that indicate a possible link of antagonist fungal endophytes with cultivar tolerance to N. ditissima. The most damaging aspect of the disease is from latent infections in nurseries that become active and develop into canker on the main trunk soon after planting in orchards - leading to tree death. Ample empirical evidence suggests that stresses following planting can promote symptom expression of those nursery-origin latent infections. In this proposal, we aim to investigate whether cultivar differences in tolerance to N. ditissima are associated with specific endophytes and, if so, identify the organism(s) for further biocontrol assay. Expression of specific genes in the SA and JA pathways will be assayed following inoculation of candidate endophytes to ascertain whether endophytes induce host defence responses that may contribute to canker suppression. Next, we will use a mapping population from a cross between canker resistant and susceptible cultivars to map QTLs that are responsible for recruiting specific endophytes and to determine the extent of overlapping of these QTLs with those mapped for canker resistance. Then, we shall study the extent to which endophyte profiles of a specific genotype are affected by individual or combined soil water deficit, AMF and PGPR treatments. Finally, we shall conduct a common garden experiment to assess (1) to what extent recruitment of endophyte profiles is influenced by soil characteristics, soil microbiota, and host genotypes, and (2) whether canker development is influenced by specific endophytes and plant defence signalling in response to biotic and abiotic factors (represented by different sites). Plant hormone response is measured in terms of specific hormones - JA, SA and ABA; endophyte composition will be characterised by next generation sequencing technology. The output of this work will not only lead to a deeper understanding of the biology and epidemiology of the disease, but also develop tools and knowledge for practical disease management, which can be efficiently adopted by the industry due to their active involvement in the project.The industry is supporting this proposal through the LINK scheme, as they recognise the need for a comprehensive strategy to manage the canker disease. Six industry partners will provide both cash and in-kind contribution to this proposal.

由Neonectria ditissima 引起的欧洲溃疡病近年来已成为全球所有主要苹果种植区最具破坏性的苹果病害。现代品种缺乏对这种病原体的抵抗力，在欧洲，最有效的化学防治方法已不再可用。不同品种的抗病性不同，但不存在绝对的抗性。我们获得的初步数据表明拮抗性真菌内生菌与品种对 N. ditissima 的耐受性可能存在联系。该疾病最具破坏性的方面是来自苗圃中的潜伏感染，这些感染在果园种植后不久就会变得活跃并在主干上发展成溃疡病，从而导致树木死亡。充足的经验证据表明，种植后的胁迫可以促进苗圃来源的潜伏感染的症状表达。在本提案中，我们的目的是调查品种对 N. ditissima 的耐受性差异是否与特定的内生菌有关，如果是，则鉴定该生物体以进行进一步的生物防治测定。接种候选内生菌后，将检测 SA 和 JA 途径中特定基因的表达，以确定内生菌是否诱导宿主防御反应，从而有助于抑制溃疡病。接下来，我们将使用抗溃疡品种和易感品种之间杂交的作图群体来绘制负责招募特定内生菌的 QTL，并确定这些 QTL 与抗溃疡病 QTL 的重叠程度。然后，我们将研究特定基因型的内生菌谱受单独或组合土壤水分亏缺、AMF 和 PGPR 处理的影响程度。最后，我们将进行一个常见的花园实验来评估（1）内生菌的补充在多大程度上受到土壤特征、土壤微生物群和宿主基因型的影响，以及（2）溃疡病的发展是否受到特定内生菌和响应生物和非生物因素（由不同位点代表）的植物防御信号的影响。植物激素反应是根据特定激素 - JA、SA 和 ABA 来衡量的；内生菌组成将通过下一代测序技术进行表征。这项工作的成果不仅将加深对该疾病的生物学和流行病学的了解，而且还将开发用于实际疾病管理的工具和知识，由于他们积极参与该项目，该行业可以有效地采用这些工具和知识。该行业正在通过 LINK 计划支持该提案，因为他们认识到需要制定一个全面的战略来管理溃疡病。六个行业合作伙伴将为该提案提供现金和实物捐助。

项目成果

Apple endophyte community in relation to location, scion and rootstock genotypes and susceptibility to European canker.

• DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab131
• 发表时间: 2021-10-07
• 期刊: FEMS microbiology ecology
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Olivieri L;Saville RJ;Gange AC;Xu X
• 通讯作者: Xu X

Quantitative trait loci associated with apple endophytes during pathogen infection.

病原体感染期间与苹果内生菌相关的定量性状基因座。

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1054914
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6

From Endophyte Community Analysis to Field Application: Control of Apple Canker (Neonectria ditissima) with Epicoccum nigrum B14-1

• DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13040809
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Agriculture
• 作者: Matevz Papp-Rupar;L. Olivieri;R. Saville;T. Passey;Jennifer Kingsnorth;Georgina Fagg;Hamish McLean;Xiangming Xu

Integrated management of diseases and insect pests of tree fruit

果树病虫害综合防治

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Xu X

Relative contribution of season, site, scion and rootstock genotype, and susceptibility to European canker to the variability in bacterial and fungal communities in apple leaf scar tissues

季节、地点、接穗和砧木基因型以及对欧洲溃疡病的易感性对苹果叶疤痕组织中细菌和真菌群落变异的相对贡献

• DOI: 10.1111/aab.12865
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Annals of Applied Biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Papp-Rupar M