Horticulture: predicting strawberry fruit infection by Mucor and Rhizopus using climatic conditions and pathogen inoculum levels

园艺：利用气候条件和病原体接种水平预测毛霉和根霉对草莓果实的感染

• 批准号: BB/X01181X/1
• 负责人: Xiangming Xu
• 金额: $ 6.42万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FX01181X%2F1
• 关键词: Horticulture; predicting; strawberry; fruit; infection

Over the past 25 years soft fruit production has grown by 600% in the UK and is now valued at > £1.5 billion. Postharvest strawberry losses in particular are largely caused by three fungal pathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Mucor spp. and Rhizopus spp. Economic losses due to fruit rotting do not result from the direct loss of marketable fruit but due primarily to the rejection of whole consignment of fruit if a single rotting fruit is detected in the consignment.Epidemiology and management of B. cinerea on strawberry is well studied worldwide. Managing B. cinerea on strawberry grown in open field can be effectively achieved with the use of disease forecasting models as demonstrated in a number of countries, including UK. Under protected cropping systems, recent research in the UK has demonstrated that rapid removal of field heat after harvesting and subsequent cool-chain management are sufficient to manage grey mould without the need to use fungicides, similar to managing grey mould on protected raspberry crops. This is because nearly all crop losses due to B. cinerea under protected cropping result from post-harvest rot development of latent infections. In contrast, as both Mucor and Rhizopus can infect fruit and rapidly lead to visual, pre-harvest fruit decay, pre-harvest management intervention may thus be necessary for the two pathogens. Currently there is, however, insufficient knowledge to predict and manage the infection of Mucor and Rhizopus on strawberry.This project aims to fill the knowledge gap on the epidemiology of soft rot caused by Mucor and Rhizopus. Specifically, it has three specific objectives: (1) To collect field data on the infection of fruit by Rhizopus and Mucor;(2) To develop, validate and finalise models predicting the risk of infection of strawberry fruit by Rhizopus and Mucor;(3) To develop and plan model implementation for use by the commercial project partner (Berry Garden Growers).Once implemented, the model can be used by growers for targeted disease management.

在过去的25年里，英国的软果产量增长了600%，目前价值15亿英镑。草莓采后损失主要由三种真菌引起：灰霉病菌、毛霉。和根霉属(Rhizopus spp.)水果腐烂造成的经济损失并不是商品水果的直接损失，而主要是由于在寄售的水果中检测到单个腐烂的水果而拒绝整个寄售的水果。草莓灰霉病的流行和防治在世界范围内都有很好的研究。通过使用疾病预测模型，可以有效地管理在露地种植的草莓上的灰霉病，包括英国在内的许多国家都证明了这一点。在保护性种植制度下，英国最近的研究表明，收获后迅速清除田间热量和随后的冷链管理足以管理灰霉菌，而不需要使用杀菌剂，类似于管理受保护树莓作物的灰霉病。这是因为在保护性种植下，几乎所有因灰霉病造成的作物损失都是由于收获后腐烂发展的潜伏感染造成的。相反，由于毛霉和根霉都可以侵染果实，并迅速导致果实在收获前腐烂，因此有必要对这两种病原体进行收获前的管理干预。然而，目前对草莓上毛霉和根霉的侵染预测和防治知识不足，本项目旨在填补毛霉和根霉软腐病流行病学方面的知识空白。具体地说，它有三个具体目标：(1)收集水果被根霉和毛霉感染的田间数据；(2)开发、验证和最终确定草莓水果被根霉和毛霉感染的风险预测模型；(3)开发和计划模型实施，供商业项目合作伙伴(浆果园种植者)使用。一旦实施，该模型可供种植者用于有针对性的疾病管理。