Horticulture: predicting strawberry fruit infection by Mucor and Rhizopus using climatic conditions and pathogen inoculum levels

园艺：利用气候条件和病原体接种水平预测毛霉和根霉对草莓果实的感染

• 批准号: BB/X01181X/1
• 负责人: Xiangming Xu
• 金额: $ 6.42万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FX01181X%2F1
• 关键词: Horticulture; predicting; strawberry; fruit; infection

Over the past 25 years soft fruit production has grown by 600% in the UK and is now valued at > £1.5 billion. Postharvest strawberry losses in particular are largely caused by three fungal pathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Mucor spp. and Rhizopus spp. Economic losses due to fruit rotting do not result from the direct loss of marketable fruit but due primarily to the rejection of whole consignment of fruit if a single rotting fruit is detected in the consignment.Epidemiology and management of B. cinerea on strawberry is well studied worldwide. Managing B. cinerea on strawberry grown in open field can be effectively achieved with the use of disease forecasting models as demonstrated in a number of countries, including UK. Under protected cropping systems, recent research in the UK has demonstrated that rapid removal of field heat after harvesting and subsequent cool-chain management are sufficient to manage grey mould without the need to use fungicides, similar to managing grey mould on protected raspberry crops. This is because nearly all crop losses due to B. cinerea under protected cropping result from post-harvest rot development of latent infections. In contrast, as both Mucor and Rhizopus can infect fruit and rapidly lead to visual, pre-harvest fruit decay, pre-harvest management intervention may thus be necessary for the two pathogens. Currently there is, however, insufficient knowledge to predict and manage the infection of Mucor and Rhizopus on strawberry.This project aims to fill the knowledge gap on the epidemiology of soft rot caused by Mucor and Rhizopus. Specifically, it has three specific objectives: (1) To collect field data on the infection of fruit by Rhizopus and Mucor;(2) To develop, validate and finalise models predicting the risk of infection of strawberry fruit by Rhizopus and Mucor;(3) To develop and plan model implementation for use by the commercial project partner (Berry Garden Growers).Once implemented, the model can be used by growers for targeted disease management.

过去 25 年来，英国软果产量增长了 600%，目前价值超过 15 亿英镑。采后草莓的损失主要是由三种真菌病原体引起的：灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）、毛霉属（Mucor spp）。和根霉属。水果腐烂造成的经济损失并非直接导致适销水果的损失，而主要是由于如果在一批货物中检测到单个腐烂水果，则整批水果被拒收。草莓灰霉病的流行病学和管理在全世界范围内得到了深入研究。正如包括英国在内的许多国家所证明的那样，通过使用疾病预测模型可以有效地管理露地种植的草莓上的灰霉病。在受保护的耕作系统下，英国最近的研究表明，收获后快速去除田间热量以及随后的冷链管理足以控制灰霉病，而无需使用杀菌剂，类似于管理受保护的覆盆子作物的灰霉病。这是因为在保护性耕作下，几乎所有由灰霉病引起的作物损失都是由潜伏感染的收获后腐烂发展造成的。相比之下，由于毛霉和根霉都可以感染水果并迅速导致可见的、采收前的水果腐烂，因此对于这两种病原体可能需要采前管理干预。然而，目前对草莓毛霉和根霉感染预测和管理的知识不足。该项目旨在填补毛霉和根霉引起的软腐病流行病学的知识空白。具体来说，它有三个具体目标：（1）收集水果根霉和毛霉感染的现场数据；（2）开发、验证和最终确定预测草莓果实根霉和毛霉感染风险的模型；（3）开发和规划模型实施，供商业项目合作伙伴（Berry Garden Growers）使用。实施后，该模型可供种植者用于有针对性的疾病管理。