Pathway to Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Elimination - methods for complex ecosystems

消灭小反刍兽疫病毒之路 - 复杂生态系统的方法

• 批准号: BB/P023002/1
• 负责人: Richard Kock
• 金额: $ 58.26万
• 依托单位: Royal Veterinary College
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP023002%2F1
• 关键词: Pathway; Peste; des; Petits; Ruminants

The emergence of the viral disease, peste des petits ruminants (PPR) across Asia and Africa, affecting some of the poorest and most challenged human communities on earth, demands urgent action to mitigate its immediate and ongoing insidious impacts on domestic and wild ruminants. PPR is a very severe disease of sheep and goats that is very common in East Africa causing high mortality of up to 100%, and loss of milk and meat. It threatens the food security and livelihoods of pastoralists and small-holder farmers. It also threatens wildlife resources, as die-off of rare and endangered wild caprines in Asia has shown. Over the past few years there has been much discussion at international and national levels about the control and possible eradication of PPR, and in early 2015 a global PPR eradication programme was launched. Since the emergence of PPR in Kenya and Tanzania in 2006-2008, there have been several vaccination campaigns to limit its impact on livestock keepers but outbreaks continue to occur, and lack of effective surveillance means that it is unclear how and where the virus is persisting. Vaccination is usually applied in response to outbreaks if funds are available, which helps to reduce livestock keepers' immediate losses due to the disease, but low levels of vaccination coverage could be contributing to virus persistence. A more pragmatic but research-driven approach is needed to halt PPR virus persistence and spread in East Africa, as well as in infected and at-risk areas of Africa, Asia and Europe. The project aims to study the wildlife and livestock populations in the Greater Serengeti ecosystem, how they interact with each other, and how the interaction of multiple susceptible species might contribute to persistence of PPR infection making disease control more challenging in a multi-host compared to a single host system. Based on our previous studies we know that some common wildlife species can be infected with PPR virus, such as buffalo, wildebeest, gazelles and others. We do not know whether they are becoming infected by contact with sheep and goats, or whether the virus is circulating independently among wildlife.The project will map the livestock and wildlife populations, their numbers, how they move and the type of contact between wildlife and livestock. It will measure the level of PPR infection in the wildlife by conducting a blood-sampling survey to test for PPR antibodies. It will measure the frequency of disease outbreaks in sheep and goat flocks as reported by farmers and through interviews with farmers and flock visits, in sites with different levels and patterns of livestock-wildlife contact. Putting all this information together, we will be able to plan the best way to carry out PPR vaccination in the sheep and goat population to eliminate infection in a short period of time, and the best way to carry out surveillance in both small stock and wildlife to monitor PPR infection and disease.The project will be carried out by researchers from the Royal Veterinary College, University College London and CIRAD, France, working together with Kenyan and Tanzanian veterinary services, researchers and wildlife authorities and local institutions, and the local livestock keeping communities.The valuable information gained from this study will be the first step towards eliminating PPR from this ecosystem and the lessons learned will be applicable in other parts of Africa and Asia. In addition to the new knowledge gained, reducing the impact of diseases like PPR will allow farmers, particularly women, in these areas to be more productive, to improve their food security and livelihoods. This comes at a critical time of transition to other livelihoods, with simmering tensions around land use, agriculture and biodiversity conservation, and the increasing effects of climate change and drought. Better disease control will allow people to be more resilient during this socio-economic transition.

亚洲和非洲出现的病毒性疾病小反刍兽疫（PPR）影响了地球上一些最贫穷和最具挑战性的人类社区，需要采取紧急行动，以减轻其对家养和野生反刍动物的直接和持续的潜在影响。PPR是绵羊和山羊的一种非常严重的疾病，在东非非常常见，导致高达100%的高死亡率，以及牛奶和肉的损失。它威胁到牧民和小农的粮食安全和生计。它还威胁着野生动物资源，亚洲稀有和濒危野生山羊的死亡就表明了这一点。在过去的几年里，国际和国家层面对控制和可能根除PPR进行了大量讨论，并于2015年初启动了全球PPR根除计划。自2006年至2008年PPR在肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚出现以来，已经开展了几次疫苗接种活动，以限制其对牲畜饲养者的影响，但疫情仍在继续发生，缺乏有效的监测意味着尚不清楚该病毒是如何以及在何处持续存在的。如果有资金，疫苗接种通常用于应对疫情，这有助于减少牲畜饲养者因疾病造成的直接损失，但疫苗接种覆盖率低可能导致病毒持续存在。需要一种更务实但以研究为导向的方法来阻止PPR病毒在东非以及非洲、亚洲和欧洲的感染和高危地区的持续存在和传播。该项目旨在研究大塞伦盖蒂生态系统中的野生动物和牲畜种群，它们如何相互作用，以及多个易感物种的相互作用如何导致PPR感染的持续存在，使多宿主系统中的疾病控制比单宿主系统更具挑战性。根据我们以前的研究，我们知道一些常见的野生动物物种可以感染PPR病毒，如布法罗，角马，瞪羚等。我们不知道他们是否是通过接触绵羊和山羊而感染的，或者病毒是否在野生动物中独立传播。该项目将绘制牲畜和野生动物种群、数量、移动方式以及野生动物和牲畜之间接触的类型。它将通过进行血液采样调查来检测PPR抗体，以测量野生动物中的PPR感染水平。它将根据农民的报告，并通过与农民的访谈和对羊群的访问，在牲畜与野生动物接触程度和模式不同的地点，测量绵羊和山羊群中疾病爆发的频率。综合这些信息，我们将能够计划在绵羊和山羊群体中进行PPR疫苗接种以在短时间内消除感染的最佳方法，以及在小种群和野生动物中进行监测以监测PPR感染和疾病的最佳方法。该项目将由来自皇家兽医学院，伦敦大学学院和法国CIRAD的研究人员进行，与肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的兽医服务机构、研究人员、野生动物管理机构和当地机构以及当地畜牧业社区合作，从这项研究中获得的宝贵信息将是从这一生态系统中消除PPR的第一步，所吸取的经验教训将适用于非洲和亚洲的其他地区。除了获得新知识外，减少PPR等疾病的影响将使这些地区的农民，特别是妇女能够提高生产力，改善粮食安全和生计。这是在向其他生计过渡的关键时刻，围绕土地使用，农业和生物多样性保护的紧张局势正在酝酿，气候变化和干旱的影响日益严重。更好的疾病控制将使人们在这一社会经济转型期间更具复原力。

项目成果

Characterisation of peste des petits ruminants disease in pastoralist small ruminant flocks in Ngorongoro District of northern Tanzania: variation in clinical syndromes and local diseases names, and bluetongue virus co-infection

坦桑尼亚北部恩戈罗恩戈罗地区牧民小反刍兽群小反刍兽疫的特征：临床症状和当地疾病名称的变化以及蓝舌病病毒的共同感染

• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Viruses
• 作者: B A Jones

Peste des Petits Ruminants at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in the Western Albertine Rift and Nile Basin, East Africa

东非阿尔伯丁裂谷西部和尼罗河盆地野生动物与牲畜交汇处的小反刍兽疫

• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Viruses
• 作者: Aguilar X F

"PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS" RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

“小反刍兽疫”研究交流

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: D Mdetele;R Kock
• 通讯作者: R Kock

Molecular characterization of Peste des petits ruminants viruses in the Marmara Region of Turkey.

• DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13095
• 发表时间: 2019-03
• 期刊: Transboundary and emerging diseases
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Altan E;Parida S;Mahapatra M;Turan N;Yilmaz H
• 通讯作者: Yilmaz H

Molecular epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus emergence in critically endangered Mongolian saiga antelope and other wild ungulates.

• DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab062
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Virus evolution
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Benfield CTO;Hill S;Shatar M;Shiilegdamba E;Damdinjav B;Fine A;Willett B;Kock R;Bataille A
• 通讯作者: Bataille A