Development of multispecies validated serology protocols for complex ecosystems, focused on East Africa, in support of Global PPR eradication

为复杂的生态系统开发多物种验证的血清学方案，重点关注东非，支持全球消灭小反刍兽疫

• 批准号: EP/T015381/1
• 负责人: Richard Kock
• 金额: $ 88.9万
• 依托单位: Royal Veterinary College
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FT015381%2F1
• 关键词: Development; multispecies; validated; serology; protocols

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes severe disease in sheep and goats, hampering sustainable livestock production and significantly contributing to human poverty and food insecurity in >70 countries majority of which are ODA where it occurs. Consequently, the Food and Agriculture Organisation is coordinating an international effort to eradicate PPRV globally by 2030. PPRV infections also occur in wildlife, which has resulted in severe disease and mass mortalities in Asia and Middle East, including in rare and endangered species underlining significant impacts of this virus upon biodiversity. In Africa, research has shown that wildlife (specifically hoofed mammals like buffalo and gazelle) can become infected with PPRV but do not exhibit clinical disease. Therefore, determining infection rates where healthy animals are infected relies on detecting anti-PPRV antibodies in the animals' serum, i.e. blood testing. Better understanding of PPRV epidemiology in wildlife is critical for the success of the Global PPRV Eradication Program, for example, whether PPRV spills over into wildlife from infected livestock or whether wildlife can spread and maintain PPRV in an asymptomatic state. To answer this question in the GCRF PPR we collected sera from buffalo and Grant's gazelle using randomized sampling in order to obtain an indicationof the true PPRV seroprevalence across the Greater Serengei ecosystem, a complex PPRV-endemic ecosystem, inclusive of both National Park and mixed wildlife livestock areas like the Ngorongoro. In mixed systems the PPR has significant impacts in small ruminants and associated livelihoods and infects multiple host species. Our initial analysis of the wildlife sera from the GCRF and earlier studies under BBSRC ANIHWA indicated that current serological tests (such as ELISA) may not perform adequately with samples from atypical wild hosts compared tosheep and goats. This current project seeks to address the clear need, highlighted by our GCRF study and now by global policy-makers at FAO, to examine availableserological tests in wildlife species, to compare their performance, determine cut-offs for endemic countries. To achieve this, our project brings together expertise from Europe (Royal Veterinary College, ; University of Glasgow, Pirbright Institute, UK; IAEA FAO Joint Division Seibersdorf, Germany, , CIRAD, France) and our ODA partners in Tanzania (SACIDs SUA, Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Kenya Wildlife Service). Two novel diagnostic tests, which have clear practical advantages over other existing tests, and which have been developed and published by European partner labs, will be shared and evaluated against a panel of sera at an especially convened workshop of all partner laboratories at IAEA in Austria. These sera will include aliquots from ELISA and VNT tested sera to be provided by Pirbright. These tests will then be transferred to partner laboratories and the regional centre in SACIDs SUA. Training, test set-up and testing of the sera will be done at SACIDS SUA to achieve the second and key objective of establishing a regional PPR research laboratory in eastern Africa. Analysis of the GCRF sera with the new testing protocol provide accurate epidemiological information on PPRV infection rates in wildlife within the Greater Serengeti ecosystem to inform effective routes to PPRV control and eradication. We will publish new test protocols for PPRV in atypical hosts and engage with OIE and FAO to promote these as a standard in the Global PPRV eradication programme. The main outcome of this project will be improved capacity in PPR research and surveillance, in a critical region for PPR persistence, enable use of atypical hosts as sentinels of infection and, inform on the potential risk of disease in wildlife and other hosts to the Global Eradication strategy

小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）在绵羊和山羊中引起严重疾病，阻碍可持续畜牧业生产，并在70多个国家（其中大多数是官方发展援助国家）严重加剧人类贫困和粮食不安全。因此，粮农组织正在协调一项国际努力，到2030年在全球根除PPRV。PPRV感染也发生在野生动物中，在亚洲和中东造成严重疾病和大量死亡，包括稀有和濒危物种，这突出表明该病毒对生物多样性的重大影响。在非洲，研究表明野生动物（特别是有蹄哺乳动物，如水牛和瞪羚）可以感染PPRV，但不会表现出临床疾病。因此，确定健康动物感染的感染率依赖于检测动物血清中的抗pprv抗体，即血液检测。更好地了解野生动物中的PPRV流行病学对于全球根除PPRV计划的成功至关重要，例如，PPRV是否从受感染的牲畜中泄漏到野生动物中，或者野生动物是否可以传播并维持PPRV在无症状状态下。为了在GCRF小反刍兽疫调查中回答这个问题，我们采用随机抽样的方法收集了水牛和格兰特瞪羚的血清，以获得大塞伦盖生态系统中PPRV真实血清流行率的一个指征。大塞伦盖生态系统是一个复杂的PPRV地方性生态系统，包括国家公园和像恩戈罗恩戈罗这样的野生动物和牲畜混合区。在混合系统中，小反刍兽疫对小型反刍动物及其相关生计产生重大影响，并感染多种宿主物种。我们对GCRF野生动物血清和BBSRC ANIHWA早期研究的初步分析表明，与绵羊和山羊相比，目前的血清学检测（如ELISA）可能无法充分发挥非典型野生宿主样本的作用。当前的这个项目旨在满足我们的GCRF研究和粮农组织全球决策者现在所强调的明确需求，即审查野生动物物种的现有血清学测试，比较其表现，确定流行国家的临界值。为了实现这一目标，我们的项目汇集了来自欧洲（皇家兽医学院、格拉斯哥大学、英国皮尔布赖特研究所、国际原子能机构、德国塞伯斯多夫粮农组织联合司、法国CIRAD）和我们在坦桑尼亚的官方发展援助伙伴（SACIDs SUA、坦桑尼亚野生动物研究所、肯尼亚野生动物管理局）的专业知识。欧洲伙伴实验室开发和出版的两种新型诊断测试比其他现有测试具有明显的实际优势，将在奥地利原子能机构所有伙伴实验室特别召开的讲习班上进行交流，并根据一组血清进行评价。这些血清将包括来自ELISA和VNT检测血清的等份，由柏布莱特提供。然后，这些测试将被转移到合作实验室和SACIDs SUA的区域中心。培训、测试设置和血清测试将在非洲小反刍兽疫研究所进行，以实现在东非建立小反刍兽疫区域研究实验室的第二个也是关键目标。采用新的检测方案对GCRF血清进行分析，可提供关于大塞伦盖蒂生态系统内野生动物PPRV感染率的准确流行病学信息，为控制和根除PPRV提供有效途径。我们将发布新的非典型宿主PPRV检测方案，并与世界动物卫生组织和粮农组织合作，推动将其作为全球根除PPRV计划的标准。该项目的主要成果将是在小反刍兽疫持续存在的关键区域提高小反刍兽疫研究和监测的能力，能够利用非典型宿主作为感染的哨兵，并向全球根除战略通报野生动物和其他宿主的潜在疾病风险

项目成果

Molecular epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus emergence in critically endangered Mongolian saiga antelope and other wild ungulates.

• DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab062
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Virus evolution
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Benfield CTO;Hill S;Shatar M;Shiilegdamba E;Damdinjav B;Fine A;Willett B;Kock R;Bataille A
• 通讯作者: Bataille A

Peste des Petits Ruminants epidemiology and diagnostic in African wildlife in the context of Rinderpest eradication (1994-2007)

根除牛瘟背景下非洲野生动物小反刍兽疫流行病学和诊断（1994-2007）

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Grosbois V

Peste des Petits Ruminants at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in the Western Albertine Rift and Nile Basin, East Africa

东非阿尔伯丁裂谷西部和尼罗河盆地野生动物与牲畜交汇处的小反刍兽疫

• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Viruses
• 作者: Aguilar X F

"PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS" RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

“小反刍兽疫”研究交流

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: D Mdetele;R Kock
• 通讯作者: R Kock

Helping to heal nature and ourselves through human-rights-based and gender-responsive One Health.

• DOI: 10.1186/s42522-020-00029-0
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: One health outlook
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Garnier J;Savic S;Boriani E;Bagnol B;Häsler B;Kock R
• 通讯作者: Kock R