DIETARY FAT, CARBOHYDRATE BALANCE AND WEIGHT MAINTENANCE

当饮食提供了足够的蛋白质时，体重维持是 主要由相互作用中的现象决定 碳水化合物和脂肪的摄入和氧化。在什么情况下 碳水化合物和脂肪的平衡必须达到明显不同，因为 人体对糖原和脂肪的存储能力是两个数量级 震级相差很大。这个项目的目的是研究其影响。 这种差异必然会有，不仅是在监管方面 新陈代谢及其对食物摄入量的反馈，也影响着身体 组成。 通过将营养摄入量和24小时呼吸的测量结合起来 在密封的大桶中(通风口)保存的小鼠交换 每天一次)，动物的碳水化合物和脂肪平衡将被测定 在很长一段时间内每天服用。数据将允许检查 食物摄入量的变化程度可能反映出“纠正性反应”倾向 以补偿动物在其生活中遭受的损失的收益 前一天的糖原、脂肪和/或能量储备(S)，并 认识到其中哪些似乎对长期而言最重要 在免费提供食物时保持体重。当饮食中含有 相对较高的脂肪消耗比例，扩大了 脂肪组织团块似乎往往在贡献之前是必要的 脂肪对新陈代谢燃料混合物的氧化程度与 饮食中的脂肪含量。这可能与不平等的不平等有关 饮食中碳水化合物和脂肪对新陈代谢的影响也会影响 对体重的调节。这一现象将由 小鼠体内和肝脏蛋白质、脂肪和糖原含量的测定 在配方中保持随意，以包含逐渐增加的 脂肪与碳水化合物的比率。 拟议调查的主要目标是确定影响的特征。 饮食的脂肪含量对稳定状态的身体成分的影响，并 描述碳水化合物、脂肪和能量的相对重要性 控制食物摄入量的平衡。随着时间的推移，这可能会允许发展 代谢论据(除了基于以下内容的当前建议 考虑卡路里密度)，来解释为什么饮食中 脂肪含量可能有助于在较低的肥胖水平下保持体重。

When the diet provides more than enough protein, weight maintenance is primarily determined by the phenomena involved in the interplay between intake and oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. The conditions under which carbohydrate and fat balances must be achieved differ markedly, because the body's storage capacities for glycogen and for fat are two orders of magnitude apart. The aim of this project is to examine the implications which this difference is bound to have, not only on the regulation of metabolism and its feed-back on food intake, but also in influencing body composition. By combining measurements of nutrient intake and of the 24-h respiratory exchange of mice maintained in large, hermetically sealed drums (vented once a day), the animals' carbohydrate and fat balances will be determined daily over prolonged periods. The data will permit to examine to which extent variations in food intake may reflect "corrective responses" tending to compensate for gains of losses incurred by the animals in their glycogen, fat and/or energy reserves during the preceeding day(s), and to recognize which of these appear to be the most significant for long-term weight maintenance when food is freely available. When diets containing relatively high proportions of fat are consumed, an expansion of the adipose tissue mass appears to be often necessary before the contribution of fat to the metabolic fuel mix oxidized becomes commensurate with the diets' fat content. This may be related to the fact that the unequal impact which dietary carbohydrate and fat have on metabolism also affects the regulation of body weight. This phenomenon will be examined by measuring the body and liver contents of protein fat and glycogen in mice maintained ad libitum on diets formulated to contain gradual increments in the fat-to-carbohydrate ratio. The main goal of the proposed investigations is to characterize the impact of the diet's fat content on steady-state body composition, and to delineate the relative importance of the carbohydrate, fat, and energy balances in the control of food intake. In time, this may allow to develop metabolic arguments (in addition to the current recommendations based on consideration of caloric density), to explain why a reduction in the diet's fat content may facilitate weight maintenance at a lower level of adiposity.