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A Biological Framework of Reduced Physical and Social Activity across the Lifespan

一生中体力和社交活动减少的生物学框架

基本信息

批准号：
BB/R010668/1
负责人：
Matthew Apps
金额：
$ 129.98万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR010668%2F1
关键词：
Biological Framework Reduced Physical Social

项目摘要

For decades, we have known that being physically and socially active can have major health benefits, including the prevention of later life ill-health and the improvement of symptoms when sick. Despite these benefits, many people do not engage in regular exercise and are socially dis-engaged. Such inactivity increases as people get older, leading to significant costs to health systems across the world, as well as major personal costs to the individual.Why aren't people more active? A crucial factor that prevents an active life is motivation. People who are more motivated are more active. Even otherwise healthy people can suffer from high levels of motivation problems such as social apathy (people enjoy social interactions but simply don't have the will to engage in them) or fatigue (people who feeling exhausted after small levels of exertion). Moreover these motivational impairments increase as people get older. Yet, we understand very little about why people vary in motivation. Is there a biology of social apathy and fatigue? The overarching aim of the proposed research is to identify how differences in how certain systems in the brain work, relates to differences in how socially apathetic or fatigued people are, and to examine how changes in the brain lead to reduced motivation as we get older. To do this I will extend recent advancements in basic neuroscience that has provided a rich understanding of how the brain motivates behaviour. Within this research it has been suggested that reduced motivation might be due to a heightened sensitivity to how effortful actions are. People who are more motivated find the same actions less effortful. Here, I propose to examine how different aspects of effort sensitivity may be linked to fatigue and social apathy in healthy people as they get older. To do this, I will perform studies in healthy human volunteers using a number of techniques including brain imaging, brain stimulation and a mobile phone game, with effort sensitivity quantified using precise computational approaches. Using all of these approaches together I will be able to answer specific questions about the systems in the brain that motivate behaviour in social situations and when getting exhausted. By comparing the brain systems underlying effort sensitivity in young and older people, I will try and understand what changes in the brain may lead to higher levels of social apathy and fatigue as people get older. In summary, the key questions that the proposed research would examine are:1) Can social apathy and fatigue be characterised as increased sensitivity to different aspects of effort in healthy people? 2) Do social apathy and fatigue increase across the lifespan because of heightened effort sensitivity? 3) What systems in the brain underlie different aspects of effort sensitivity and are they linked to social apathy and fatigue? 4) Are changes in these brain systems in older adults linked to increased effort sensitivity, social apathy and fatigue? 5) Can stimulating these brain areas in a unique sample of individuals with deep brain stimulators implanted into specific brain areas provide evidence of these regions being causally involved in effort sensitivity? This work will be carried out in the Department of Experimental Psychology, at the University of Oxford. The principal investigator (Dr. Apps) will work in collaboration with a postdoctoral researcher, consultant surgeons in the Nuffield Department of Surgical Science, the Wellcome trust Centre for integrated neuroscience and a mobile brain training company.

几十年来，我们已经知道，身体活动和社交活动对健康有重大好处，包括预防晚年健康不佳和改善生病时的症状。尽管有这些好处，但许多人并没有进行定期锻炼，并且不参与社交活动。随着人们年龄的增长，这种不活动的情况会增加，给世界各地的卫生系统带来巨大的成本，也给个人带来重大的个人成本。为什么人们不更加活跃呢？阻碍积极生活的一个关键因素是动机。更有动力的人会更积极。即使在其他方面健康的人也可能遭受严重的动机问题，例如社交冷漠（人们喜欢社交互动，但根本没有参与其中的意愿）或疲劳（人们在少量运动后感到疲惫）。此外，随着人们年龄的增长，这些动机障碍也会加剧。然而，我们对人们动机为何不同的原因知之甚少。社交冷漠和疲劳是否存在生物学特征？拟议研究的总体目标是确定大脑中某些系统工作方式的差异如何与人们社交冷漠或疲劳程度的差异相关，并研究随着年龄的增长，大脑的变化如何导致动机减弱。为此，我将扩展基础神经科学的最新进展，这些进展为大脑如何激发行为提供了丰富的理解。这项研究表明，动机降低可能是由于对行动的努力程度更加敏感所致。更有动力的人会发现同样的行动更省力。在这里，我建议研究健康人随着年龄的增长，努力敏感性的不同方面如何与疲劳和社交冷漠相关。为此，我将使用多种技术（包括脑成像、脑刺激和手机游戏）对健康人类志愿者进行研究，并使用精确的计算方法量化努力敏感性。结合使用所有这些方法，我将能够回答有关大脑中在社交场合和疲惫时激发行为的系统的具体问题。通过比较年轻人和老年人的努力敏感度背后的大脑系统，我将尝试了解随着人们年龄的增长，大脑的哪些变化可能会导致更高水平的社交冷漠和疲劳。总之，拟议研究要研究的关键问题是：1）社交冷漠和疲劳是否可以被描述为健康人对不同方面的努力的敏感性增加？ 2）在整个生命周期中，社交冷漠和疲劳是否会因为努力敏感性的提高而增加？ 3）大脑中的哪些系统是努力敏感性不同方面的基础，它们与社交冷漠和疲劳有关吗？ 4) 老年人这些大脑系统的变化是否与努力敏感性增加、社交冷漠和疲劳有关？ 5）在特定大脑区域植入深部大脑刺激器的独特个体样本中刺激这些大脑区域是否可以提供这些区域与努力敏感性因果关系的证据？这项工作将在牛津大学实验心理学系进行。首席研究员（Apps 博士）将与博士后研究员、纳菲尔德外科科学系的顾问外科医生、威康综合神经科学信托中心和移动大脑培训公司合作。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Prosocial behavior is associated with transdiagnostic markers of affective sensitivity in multiple domains.

DOI：
10.1037/emo0000813
发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
EMOTION
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Contreras-Huerta, Luis Sebastian;Lockwood, Patricia L;Bird, Geoffrey;Apps, Matthew A J;Crockett, Molly J
通讯作者：
Crockett, Molly J

Computational modelling reveals distinct patterns of cognitive and physical motivation in elite athletes.