A Neural and Computational Framework of the Effort Paradox

努力悖论的神经和计算框架

• 批准号: EP/Y014561/1
• 负责人: Matthew Apps
• 金额: $ 215.62万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FY014561%2F1
• 关键词: Neural; Computational; Framework; Effort; Paradox

Exerting effort is essential for a successful life. From training for a marathon, to completing a project before work deadlines, meeting our goals requires us to repeatedly choose to undertake effortful acts. Pathological reductions in such goal-directed motivation characterise some of the most common and debilitating symptoms in psychiatry and neurology. Moreover, solving humanities greatest challenges (e.g. climate change) will require billions of people to exert more effort than they typically do. Yet, we have a limited understanding of the biggest challenge to research on motivation: the effort paradox. On one hand, decades of research shows that people conform to a law of least effort, avoiding the cost of effort. On the other hand, at school, work or in our hobbies, people break that law daily, we pursue and seek highly effortful acts when easier options are available. How does the brain concurrently process effort as a cost to avoid, but a benefit to seek? EffDox will deliver a paradigm shift in our understanding of the cognitive, computational and neural basis of motivation to address this paradox. It will provide novel paradigms and computational models to understand the cognitive processes and individual differences that underlie how people switch from avoiding effort to seeking it. A suite of neuroscience tools, never previously combined to examine motivation, will offer a new understanding and test specific hypotheses about the neural dynamics underlying effort. This will include multivariate techniques to 'fuse' together functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) in healthy people; simultaneous deep brain stimulation, cortical intracranial and subcortical recordings, in unique samples of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and testing links between dopamine, motivation and neural signals with wearable MEG. These conceptual, methodological and analytical innovations will reveal a new understanding of the effort paradox.

努力对于成功的生活至关重要。从马拉松训练到在工作截止日期之前完成项目，实现我们的目标需要我们反复选择进行努力的行为。这种目标导向动机的病理减少是精神病学和神经病学中一些最常见和令人衰弱的症状。此外，解决人文学科最大的挑战（例如气候变化）将要求数十亿人付出比通常这样做更多的努力。但是，我们对研究动机研究最大的挑战有限：努力悖论。一方面，数十年的研究表明，人们遵守努力最少的法律，避免了努力成本。另一方面，在学校，工作或我们的爱好中，人们每天都会违反该法律，我们在更轻松的选择时追求并寻求高度努力的行为。大脑如何同时处理努力作为避免的成本，但要寻求好处？ Effdox将在我们对解决这一悖论的动机的认知，计算和神经基础的理解中进行范式转变。它将提供新颖的范式和计算模型，以了解人们如何避免努力转向寻求它的认知过程和个体差异。一系列神经科学工具，以前从未合并用于检查动机，将提供有关有关神经动态基础工作的新理解并检验特定的假设。这将包括健康人员中“融合”功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）和磁脑摄影（MEG）的多元技术；帕金森氏病（PD）患者的独特样本以及多巴胺，动机和神经信号之间具有可穿戴MEG的神经信号，同时具有深层脑刺激，皮质内颅内和皮层记录，以及测试联系。这些概念，方法论和分析创新将揭示对努力悖论的新理解。