Novel Semiochemical-Based Management of Fall Armyworm (FAW) in Brazil using Companion Crops

巴西利用伴侣作物进行基于化学信息的新型秋粘虫 (FAW) 管理

• 批准号: BB/R020000/1
• 负责人: Michael Birkett
• 金额: $ 5.88万
• 依托单位: Rothamsted Research
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR020000%2F1
• 关键词: Novel; Semiochemical; Based; Management; Fall

In Brazil, maize is an important crop, providing a source of carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in the diet. Many small farms in Brazil are run as a family business and provide subsistence for the family, and therefore economic prosperity and survival can depend entirely on the success of the maize harvest. Unfortunately, many insect pests attack maize plants, causing severe crop losses from insect damage. Although maize can be protected from pests by pesticides and even some alternative pest management tools eg pheromones that affect pest behaviour, most if not all of these options are unaffordable for smallholder farmers and there is no other management option available. It is vital that new strategies to defence vital maize crops are developed.Insect pests use their sense of smell to detect and locate suitable host plants for feeding and egg-laying. The odour of host plants comprises of attractive volatile compounds, but when pests start to damage the host plant, the odour changes as plants defend themselves and they become unattractive to the pests. A further development of this phenomenon is that the natural enemies of pests are 'tuned in' to the odour produced by plants when they are damaged by pests. These ecological interactions can be exploited in crop protection by using attractive odours to pull pests into traps, using repellent odours to push pests away from crop plants and attract natural enemies (predators and parasitic wasps) for control, or even using both sets of odours at the same time as part of a push-pull strategy. The use of synthetic attractive and repellent odours in pest management has been extensively explored, but for smallholder farmers, even this technology is unaffordable. A further development of the use of attractive and repellent odours is that they can be delivered by plants, with crop plants being selected or engineered to produce repellent odours and companion plants being selected to produce attractive odours. This companion cropping approach has been adopted with outstanding success in Africa for moth pest management on cereal crops, with more than 100,000 smallholder farms adopting it to date. One of the key reasons for success is that the approach fits with traditional mixed cropping systems used in smallholder farming. Experiments under controlled conditions using varieties of a plant called maize and a moth commonly known as Fall Armyworm (FAW) showed that certain varieties changed their odour more quickly and powerfully than others in response to FAW damage and became attractive to parasitic wasps. Furthermore, neighbouring undamaged maize plants that were exposed to the odour of FAW-damaged maize became more prepared (activated) to respond to FAW damage, should the pest start to spread away from damaged plants. If we can identify this response to FAW damage in maize varieties that are popular in maize-growing regions in Brazil, and identify companion plants that are more attractive to FAW than maize and can emit the defence activating odour when damaged by FAW, then we have an opportunity to develop a companion cropping approach for FAW management in maize crops in Brazil.We will screen, in the laboratory, maize varieties that are popular in maize-growing regions in Brazil with respect to their defence response to FAW damage and attractiveness to a natural enemy; screen in the field, maize varieties that have been identified as responding to FAW damage and attracting natural enemies, for enhanced presence of natural enemies and suppression of FAW populations; screen, in the laboratory, companion plants with respect to their attractiveness to FAW and ability to activate defence in neighbouring maize plants leading to natural enemy attraction; put combinations of identified maize lines and companion plants together in the field and screen for enhanced presence of natural enemies and suppression of FAW populations; show the new technology to smallholder farmers.

在巴西，玉米是一种重要的作物，为饮食提供碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质的来源。巴西的许多小农场都是家族企业经营，为家庭提供生计，因此经济繁荣和生存完全取决于玉米收成的成功。不幸的是，许多害虫攻击玉米植物，导致作物因虫害而遭受严重损失。尽管可以通过杀虫剂甚至一些替代害虫管理工具（例如影响害虫行为的信息素）来保护玉米免受害虫侵害，但大多数（如果不是全部）这些选择对于小农来说是无法承受的，并且没有其他可用的管理选择。制定新的策略来防御重要的玉米作物至关重要。害虫利用嗅觉来检测和定位合适的寄主植物来取食和产卵。寄主植物的气味由有吸引力的挥发性化合物组成，但是当害虫开始损害寄主植物时，气味会随着植物的自我保护而发生变化，并且对害虫失去吸引力。这种现象的进一步发展是，当植物受到害虫损害时，害虫的天敌会“适应”植物产生的气味。这些生态相互作用可以在作物保护中得到利用，通过使用有吸引力的气味将害虫引入陷阱，使用驱避气味将害虫推离农作物并吸引天敌（捕食者和寄生黄蜂）进行控制，甚至同时使用两组气味作为推拉策略的一部分。在害虫防治中使用合成的吸引和驱避气味已被广泛探索，但对于小农来说，即使是这种技术也是负担不起的。使用吸引性气味和驱避性气味的进一步发展是它们可以通过植物来传递，选择或改造农作物以产生驱避性气味，并选择伴生植物以产生吸引性气味。这种伴作方法在非洲用于谷类作物蛾类害虫防治方面取得了巨大成功，迄今为止已有超过 100,000 个小农农场采用该方法。成功的关键原因之一是该方法适合小农农业中使用的传统混合种植系统。在受控条件下使用玉米品种和通常称为秋粘虫 (FAW) 的飞蛾进行的实验表明，某些品种比其他品种更快、更强烈地改变气味，以应对秋粘虫的损害，并对寄生黄蜂产生吸引力。此外，如果害虫开始从受损植株上蔓延开来，暴露于受秋粘虫危害的玉米气味的邻近未受损玉米植株会变得更容易（激活）以应对秋粘虫危害。如果我们能够在巴西玉米产区流行的玉米品种中识别出对秋粘虫危害的这种反应，并识别出比玉米对秋粘虫更具吸引力并且在受到秋粘虫危害时能够发出防御激活气味的伴生植物，那么我们就有机会开发巴西玉米作物中秋粘虫管理的伴生方法。我们将在实验室中筛选在巴西玉米产区流行的玉米品种 关于它们对秋粘虫损害的防御反应和对天敌的吸引力；在田间筛选已确定能够应对秋粘虫危害并吸引天敌的玉米品种，以增强天敌的存在并抑制秋粘虫种群；在实验室筛选伴生植物对秋粘虫的吸引力以及激活邻近玉米植株防御能力从而吸引天敌的能力；将已识别的玉米品系和伴生植物组合放在田间并进行筛选，以增强天敌的存在并抑制秋粘虫种群；向小农展示新技术。

项目成果

Neotropical maize genotypes with different levels of benzoxazinoids affect fall armyworm development

不同苯并恶嗪类化合物水平的新热带玉米基因型影响草地贪夜蛾的发育

• DOI: 10.1111/phen.12392
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physiological Entomology
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Michereff M