Semiochemical-based alternative concepts for the management of wireworms

基于化学信息的线虫管理替代概念

• 批准号: 2743668
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of the West of England
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2743668
• 关键词: Semiochemical; based; alternative; concepts; management

Wireworms are major pests of cereal crops and root vegetables in Europe and also in North America. Seed treatments and other contact insecticides are used to protect crops from larval feeding damage. However, current chemical options are challenged in Europe and it is very questionable when and if at all a new soil insecticide could be registered for wireworm management. Semiochemicals (naturally occurring development- and behaviour-modifying chemicals) act in a non-toxic mode of action and can provide an environmentally benign alternative for soil pest management. Similar to aboveground insects, soil-dwelling arthropods are also attracted to or repelled by semiochemicals that occur in the gas phase and diffuse in soil pores. Whereas CO2 is a generic attractant, rhizosphere-derived semiochemicals provide more specific, mid-range host location cues for soil pests. The main aim of this Syngenta CASE PhD project will be to conduct underlying research for the development of wireworm semiochemical-based management strategies. The student will be based at Rothamsted Research (80%) and at the University of the West of England (20%) and will be trained in a wide range of chemical ecological and analytical chemistry techniques, including semiochemical extraction techniques, analytical chemistry (GC, GC-MS, SIFT-MS, GC-EAG, HPLC, LCMS) and bioassay (soil olfactometry, soil mesocosm) methods. The resulting semichemical blends, applied as slow-release formulations for example, will create the basis for the development of push-pull pest management systems for wireworms, circumventing the issues innate of insecticides. The work leading to such novel approaches will significantly impact UK and international plant and insect science and chemical ecological communities by providing a better understanding of rhizosphere chemical ecology processes, and it will also create a model for crop protection practice against soil pests in general towards other more sustainable solutions, such as breeding of crop plants with desirable pest resistance traits.

金针虫是欧洲和北美谷类作物和根类蔬菜的主要害虫。种子处理剂和其他接触性杀虫剂用于保护农作物免受幼虫的摄食损害。然而，当前的化学选择在欧洲受到挑战，并且何时以及是否可以注册新的土壤杀虫剂用于金针虫管理是非常值得怀疑的。化学信息素（天然存在的发育和行为改变化学品）以无毒的作用方式发挥作用，可以为土壤害虫管理提供环境友好的替代方案。与地上昆虫类似，土壤节肢动物也会被气相中存在并扩散到土壤孔隙中的化学信息素所吸引或排斥。虽然二氧化碳是一种通用引诱剂，但根际衍生的化学信息素为土壤害虫提供了更具体的中范围宿主位置线索。先正达 CASE 博士项目的主要目的是为金针虫基于化学信息素的管理策略的开发进行基础研究。该学生将在洛桑研究中心 (80%) 和西英格兰大学 (20%) 接受广泛的化学生态和分析化学技术培训，包括化学信息素提取技术、分析化学（GC、GC-MS、SIFT-MS、GC-EAG、HPLC、LCMS）和生物测定（土壤嗅觉测定、土壤中生态） 方法。由此产生的半化学混合物，例如作为缓释制剂，将为金针虫推拉式害虫管理系统的开发奠定基础，从而规避杀虫剂固有的问题。此类新方法的工作将通过更好地了解根际化学生态过程，对英国和国际植物和昆虫科学以及化学生态界产生重大影响，并且还将创建一个针对土壤害虫的作物保护实践模型，以实现其他更可持续的解决方案，例如培育具有理想抗虫性状的作物。