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AquaLeap: Innovation in Genetics and Breeding to Advance UK Aquaculture Production

AquaLeap：遗传学和育种创新促进英国水产养殖生产

基本信息

批准号：
BB/S004343/1
负责人：
Ross Houston
金额：
$ 41.11万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS004343%2F1
关键词：
AquaLeap Innovation Genetics Breeding Advance

项目摘要

Sustainable and profitable aquaculture in the UK relies on high quality stock. In contrast to terrestrial agriculture, the sources of stock for aquaculture species range from use of wild stock for several species, to pedigree-based breeding programmes incorporating genomic tools in salmon. Well managed programmes of domestication and breeding have huge potential for cumulative gains in production, including by preventing infectious disease outbreaks. Barriers to applying such approaches in commercial aquaculture include knowledge gaps in the genetic basis of economically important traits, and a lack of genetic tools and expertise applied to aquaculture. 'AquaLeap' establishes a leading interdisciplinary hub focused on innovation in aquaculture genetics to enable each sector to take a 'step' or 'leap' forward in stock enhancement.We will target advances for four species of economic importance or potential for UK aquaculture; European lobster (Homarus gammarus), European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). For each of these species, we will develop genomic tools and methods which will then be used to tackle industry-defined barriers to progress in stock enhancement.The genomic tools include high quality reference genome sequences using cutting-edge sequencing technology for the species for which they are currently lacking (lobster, oyster, lumpfish). These genome sequences will be used to exploit standard (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) and novel [e.g. copy number variation (CNV) and epigenetic modifications] sources of variation. Gene editing techniques will be developed, as this technology is likely to lead to breakthroughs in addressing aquaculture problems in the near future. Lobsters are a high value species with potential for diversifying UK aquaculture. Building on previous studies into the on-growing of hatchery-reared lobsters in aquaculture systems, and using the aforementioned genomic tools, we will assess the contribution of genetic and epigenetic variation to growth and survival traits. These results will inform selective breeding, hatchery conditions and choice of juveniles for on-growing, and has potential to improve the performance of lobsters at sea. Native oysters have declined dramatically in recent years, and there is significant interest in restocking from both an aquaculture and ecological perspective. A major barrier to hatchery-based restocking and production is the parasitic disease Bonamia. We will build on previous genomic tool development to identify SNP markers that can be used to predict breeding animals with innate resistance to Bonamia, informing selection of native oysters for stocking and tackling a major production issue.Lumpfish are used extensively as cleaner fish for biological control of sea lice in salmon farming. Hatchery reproduction is now possible, and the next step is selective breeding for traits to enhance their robustness and performance. To help facilitate this, we will assess wild stock diversity to inform base populations for breeding, to estimate genetic parameters for production traits, and develop SNP marker panels for stock management.Breeding of salmon is advanced, and uses genomic tools to enhance trait improvement and inbreeding control via genomic selection (GS). We will apply innovative approaches to improve the cost-efficiency of GS, and test these approaches for the emerging aquaculture species. We will assess the role of potential novel sources of genetic variation (CNVs) in gill health traits. Finally, we will use gene editing to modify a specific gene causing resistance to a viral disease in salmon, with a view to future editing of salmon genes to improve resistance to infectious diseases. The scientific programme is complemented by a series of training, dissemination and public engagement activities, including addressing skills gaps identified by the ARCH-UK network.

英国可持续和有利可图的水产养殖依赖于高质量的股票。与陆地农业不同，水产养殖物种的种群来源范围很广，从使用几个物种的野生种群，到采用鲑鱼基因组工具的基于谱系的育种方案。管理良好的驯化和育种方案具有巨大的潜力，可通过预防传染病爆发等方式，逐步增加生产收益。在商业水产养殖中应用这些方法的障碍包括在经济上重要的性状的遗传基础方面的知识空白，以及缺乏适用于水产养殖的遗传工具和专门知识。“AquaLeap”建立了一个领先的跨学科中心，专注于水产养殖遗传学的创新，使每个部门都能在股票增值方面向前迈出“一步”或“飞跃”。我们将针对英国水产养殖中具有经济重要性或潜力的四种物种的进展：欧洲龙虾（Homarus gammarus），欧洲扁牡蛎（Ostrea edulis），圆鳍鱼（Cyclopterus lumpus）和大西洋鲑鱼（萨尔莫salar）。对于每一个物种，我们将开发基因组工具和方法，然后将用于解决行业定义的障碍，以提高股票。基因组工具包括高质量的参考基因组序列，使用尖端测序技术，为他们目前缺乏的物种（龙虾，牡蛎，圆鱼）。这些基因组序列将用于开发标准（例如单核苷酸多态性，SNP）和新的[例如拷贝数变异（CNV）和表观遗传修饰]变异来源。将开发基因编辑技术，因为这项技术可能在不久的将来为解决水产养殖问题带来突破。龙虾是一种高价值的物种，具有使英国水产养殖多样化的潜力。建立在以前的研究到养殖场饲养的龙虾在水产养殖系统中的增长，并使用上述基因组工具，我们将评估遗传和表观遗传变异的增长和生存性状的贡献。这些结果将为选择性育种，孵化条件和选择幼虾进行生长提供信息，并有可能提高龙虾在海上的表现。近年来，本地牡蛎数量急剧下降，从水产养殖和生态角度来看，人们对恢复牡蛎数量有很大的兴趣。一个主要的障碍，以孵化为基础的再放养和生产是寄生虫病Bonamia。我们将建立在以前的基因组工具的发展，以确定SNP标记，可用于预测育种动物与先天性抗性Bonamia，通知选择本地牡蛎放养和解决一个主要的生产问题。圆鱼被广泛用作清洁鱼的生物控制海虱在鲑鱼养殖。孵化繁殖现在是可能的，下一步是选择性育种的特点，以提高他们的鲁棒性和性能。为了帮助促进这一点，我们将评估野生种群多样性，为育种提供基础种群信息，估计生产性状的遗传参数，并开发SNP标记面板用于种群管理。鲑鱼育种是先进的，并使用基因组工具通过基因组选择（GS）加强性状改良和近亲繁殖控制。我们将采用创新方法来提高GS的成本效益，并在新兴水产养殖物种中测试这些方法。我们将评估潜在的新来源的遗传变异（CNVs）在鳃健康性状的作用。最后，我们将使用基因编辑来修饰导致鲑鱼对一种病毒性疾病产生抵抗力的特定基因，以期未来编辑鲑鱼基因来提高对传染病的抵抗力。科学方案得到了一系列培训、传播和公众参与活动的补充，包括解决ARCH-UK网络确定的技能差距。