ROBUST-SMOLT Impact of early life history in freshwater Recirculation Aquaculture Systems on A. salmon robustness and susceptibility to disease at sea

ROBUST-SMOLT 淡水再循环水产养殖系统中早期生活史对鲑鱼的稳健性和海上疾病易感性的影响

• 批准号: BB/S004432/1
• 负责人: Herve Migaud
• 金额: $ 45.56万
• 依托单位: University of Stirling
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS004432%2F1
• 关键词: ROBUST; SMOLT; Impact; early; life

The rapid expansion of the global Atlantic salmon industry has been made possible through the adoption of new farming technologies (land based Recirculating Aquaculture Systems, RAS) and husbandry regimes to manipulate animal physiology. This includes the parr-smolt transformation (the process by which salmon become seawater tolerant) and early maturation impacting on fish welfare and product quality. Salmon producers in the UK have either already built or are in the process of building such large production units. These systems have clear advantages over land-based or open water loch systems, including a reduction in water usage, improved management of waste, a better control of disease and the ability to manipulate environmental conditions for year round salmon production. However, questions about robustness of these fish when exposed to challenging natural conditions in open seawater cages have been emerging over recent years, especially for gill pathologies and a new anaemic syndrome. While the Industry and Government have strong aspirations for growth of the salmon sector to meet increasing market demands, considerable pressures are being experienced by the farming companies and production, at best, has stagnated over recent years and even decreased since 2015. This is mainly due to fish health challenges at sea resulting in emergency harvests and unsustainable losses at sea. From results obtained by the consortium research teams over the past 4 years, it appears very clearly that conditions experienced by fish early during freshwater development can impact on long-term performance and robustness at sea. The current project aims to characterise the impacts of freshwater environmental conditions including water chemistry, temperature, photoperiod and nutrition, between RAS and open water loch systems, on fish performance and overall health. The main hypothesis tested by the project is that early life history of salmon produced in freshwater RAS impacts on immune barriers (mainly gill, gut and skin), which may predispose fish to gill pathologies at sea. The project will investigate how RAS microbiota (e.g. microbe populations living in the fish intestine, gill and skin) and water chemistry (especially carbon dioxide) impact on fish immune function and performance. The effects of altered environmental regimes (photoperiod, temperature and diet) and vaccines that provide active protection against particular diseases at sea, will be tested on smolt immune function, performance and health following transfer to sea. Finally, the relationship between fish development in freshwater RAS and its impact upon commercial performance and overall health will be studied including the effects of the fish genetic makeup, the characterisation of the new anaemic syndrome and a large-scale epidemiological study. To ensure the success of the project, the consortium brings together world leading scientists from four of the main UK research Institutions working on aquaculture and sustainable livestock development in conjunction with the four leading salmon farming, feed manufacturing and pharmaceutical companies. The project has also a strong support from governmental research centres and industry led organisations. The research will enable the development of practical methods for the production of high quality salmon with benefits for animal welfare and the sustainability and profitability of the industry. Since farmed salmon are a major food source in the UK diet, with more than 1.2 million salmon meals eaten per day, this project also has great significance to the health and well-being of the population in the UK. By supporting the sustainable development of the salmon farming industry, this project will contribute to protect more than 9,000 directly employed and industry-associated jobs in largely rural areas of Scotland and will help create new jobs.

通过采用新的养殖技术（陆基循环水产养殖系统，RAS）和控制动物生理的饲养制度，全球大西洋鲑鱼产业的快速扩张成为可能。这包括小鲑鱼转变（鲑鱼变得耐海水的过程）和影响鱼类福利和产品质量的早期成熟。英国的三文鱼生产商已经建造或正在建造如此大型的生产装置。与陆地或开放水域湖泊系统相比，这些系统具有明显的优势，包括减少用水量、改善废物管理、更好地控制疾病以及控制全年鲑鱼生产的环境条件的能力。然而，近年来，有关这些鱼在开放海水网箱中暴露于具有挑战性的自然条件时的稳健性的问题不断出现，特别是鳃病理和新的贫血综合症。虽然行业和政府强烈希望鲑鱼行业的增长，以满足不断增长的市场需求，但养殖公司却承受着相当大的压力，近年来产量充其量停滞不前，甚至自 2015 年以来有所下降。这主要是由于海上鱼类健康挑战导致紧急捕捞和海上不可持续的损失。从联盟研究团队在过去四年中获得的结果来看，很明显，鱼类在淡水发育早期经历的条件可能会影响其在海上的长期性能和稳健性。当前项目旨在表征 RAS 和开放水域湖泊系统之间的淡水环境条件（包括水化学、温度、光周期和营养）对鱼类性能和整体健康的影响。该项目测试的主要假设是，淡水 RAS 中产生的鲑鱼的早期生活史会影响免疫屏障（主要是鳃、肠道和皮肤），这可能使鱼类在海上容易患上鳃病。该项目将研究 RAS 微生物群（例如生活在鱼肠、鳃和皮肤中的微生物群）和水化学（尤其是二氧化碳）如何影响鱼类的免疫功能和性能。改变环境制度（光周期、温度和饮食）和针对海上特定疾病提供积极保护的疫苗的影响，将在转移到海上后对小鲑鱼的免疫功能、性能和健康进行测试。最后，将研究淡水 RAS 中鱼类发育及其对商业绩效和整体健康的影响之间的关系，包括鱼类基因组成的影响、新贫血综合症的特征和大规模流行病学研究。为了确保该项目的成功，该联盟汇集了来自英国四家主要从事水产养殖和可持续畜牧业发展研究机构的世界领先科学家，以及四家领先的鲑鱼养殖、饲料制造和制药公司。该项目还得到了政府研究中心和行业主导组织的大力支持。该研究将有助于开发生产高品质鲑鱼的实用方法，从而有利于动物福利以及该行业的可持续性和盈利能力。由于养殖三文鱼是英国饮食中的主要食物来源，每天食用的三文鱼餐量超过120万份，因此该项目对英国民众的健康和福祉也具有重要意义。通过支持鲑鱼养殖业的可持续发展，该项目将有助于保护苏格兰大部分农村地区9,000多个直接就业和与行业相关的就业岗位，并有助于创造新的就业岗位。

项目成果

Dietary supplementation with a specific mannan-rich yeast parietal fraction enhances the gut and skin mucosal barriers of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and reduces its susceptibility to sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735701
• 发表时间: 2020-12-15
• 期刊: AQUACULTURE
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Leclercq, Eric;Pontefract, Nicola;Merrifield, Daniel
• 通讯作者: Merrifield, Daniel

Time is a stronger predictor of microbiome community composition than tissue in external mucosal surfaces of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in a semi-natural freshwater environment

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739211
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: Aquaculture
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Marlene Lorgen-Ritchie;Lynn Chalmers;M. Clarkson;J. Taylor;H. Migaud;S. Martin

A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.711797
• 发表时间: 2021-07-06
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Lorgen-Ritchie, Marlene;Clarkson, Michael;Martin, Samuel A. M.
• 通讯作者: Martin, Samuel A. M.

Response of triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to commercial vaccines

三倍体大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）对商业疫苗的反应

• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.070
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Fish & Shellfish Immunology
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Chalmers L