Molecular mechanisms for the final step of dissolving sister chromatid cohesion at anaphase onset

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To make a human body from a single cell (a fertilized egg), an enormous number of cell divisions must take place. Each cell division produces two daughter cells, which equally inherit genetic information from their mother cell. Human cells store their genetic information within 46 structures called chromosomes. To maintain this genetic information, all chromosomes must be precisely copied and each daughter cell must receive one copy of each chromosome when cell division takes place. Failure in this process may cause cancers and genetic abnormalities. The aim of our research is to clarify the fundamental mechanisms by which all chromosomes are properly inherited by daughter cells.In this research project, we focus on the special glue between copied chromosomes. As mentioned above, all chromosomes must be copied and each copy must be given to newly born daughter cells. It is crucial that copied chromosomes are held together with the special glue. However, at right timing, the glue must be quickly removed so that each chromosome copy is given to each daughter cell. If the glue is lost too early, chromosomes are mixed up and not correctly given to daughter cells. On the other hand, if removal of the glue is delayed, chromosome copies do not separately at right time, and both copies could be given to one daughter cell (rather than each copy to each daughter). We will study how cells regulate removal of the glue between copied chromosomes and what mechanisms ensure efficient removal of the glue. We will use both yeast and human cells in our study since they have many similarities in regulation of the chromosome glue. Use of yeast often allows us to reach conclusion more quickly. We will then address if the glue is regulated in the same way in human cells.