Mechanisms ensuring sister kinetochore bi-orientation on the mitotic spindle

要从一个细胞（受精卵）形成人体，必须进行大量的细胞分裂。人类细胞将其遗传信息存储在46个称为染色体的结构中。为了保持这种遗传信息，所有的染色体必须精确地复制，每个子细胞必须在每次细胞分裂时接收每个染色体的一个拷贝。这个过程的失败可能会导致癌症和遗传异常。我们的研究项目的目的是阐明子细胞正确继承所有染色体的基本机制。由于这种机制在酵母和人类细胞中相似，我们将使用酵母作为我们的研究材料。对于我们的研究来说，酵母比人类细胞有许多优势，例如酵母细胞中所有蛋白质的作用都已被系统研究，许多突变体已被鉴定，染色体可以很容易地改造以适应我们的实验。通过显微镜和生物化学方法，我们将研究细胞分裂过程中染色体分离的机制。揭示这些基本机制将有助于我们了解各种人类疾病的发展。

To make a human body from a single cell (a fertilized egg), an enormous number of cell divisions must take place. Human cells store their genetic information within 46 structures called chromosomes. To maintain this genetic information, all chromosomes must be precisely copied and each daughter cell must receive one copy of each chromosome upon each cell division. Failure in this process may cause cancers and genetic abnormalities. The aim of our research project is to clarify the fundamental mechanisms by which all chromosomes are properly inherited by daughter cells. Because such mechanisms are similar in yeast and human cells, we will use yeast as our research material. Yeast has a number of advantages over human cells for our study, for instance the roles of all proteins in the yeast cell have been systematically studied, many mutants have been identified and chromosomes can be easily engineered to suit our experiments. By using microscopy and biochemical methods, we will study the mechanisms of chromosome separation during cell divisions. Revelation of these fundamental mechanisms will help us to understand how various human diseases develop.